Methods of detecting, diagnosing, and treating atherosclerotic plaque rupture

ABSTRACT

A method for use in determining a position of a mobile device in a wireless communication network includes acquiring, by the mobile device, a first positioning signal transmitted at a first frequency and a second positioning signal transmitted at a second frequency that is different than the first frequency. The mobile device performs a first measurement of a time difference of arrival between the first positioning signal and second positioning signal. In certain implementations, in response to a determination to not apply an inter-frequency bias compensation to the first measurement for inter-frequency related delays corresponding to first frequency, second frequency, or both first and second frequency, the mobile device sends the first measurement and a first measurement description to a server to determine the position of the mobile device. The first measurement description indicates that the first measurement has not been compensated for the inter-frequency related delays.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application for patent claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/113,052, entitled “INTER-FREQUENCY BIASCOMPENSATION FOR TIME DIFFERENCE MEASUREMENTS IN POSITIONDETERMINATIONS,” filed Feb. 6, 2015, assigned to the assignee hereof,and expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF DISCLOSURE

This disclosure relates generally to mobile communications and, inparticular but not exclusively, relates to determining, at least inpart, a position of wireless mobile devices.

BACKGROUND

The position of a mobile device (device), such as, for example, acellular telephone, may be estimated based on information gathered fromvarious systems. One such system may include the Global PositioningSystem (GPS), which is one example of a satellite positioning system(SPS). SPS systems such as GPS may include a number of space vehicles(SV) orbiting the earth. Another example of a system that may provide abasis for estimating the position of a mobile device is a cellularcommunication system including a number of base stations to supportcommunications for a number of mobile devices.

A position estimate, which may also be referred to as a position “fix”,for a mobile device may be obtained, for example, based at least in parton distances or ranges from the mobile device to one or moretransmitters, and also based at least in part on the locations of theone or more transmitters. Such transmitters may comprise SVs in the caseof an SPS and/or terrestrial base stations in the case of a cellularcommunication system, for example. Ranges to the transmitters may bebased on one or more signals transmitted by the transmitters andreceived at the mobile device, and/or vice versa. The location of thetransmitters may be ascertained, in at least some exampleimplementations, based on the identities of the transmitters, which maybe ascertained from one or more signals received from the transmitters.

In certain Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) digital cellularnetworks, a position location capability may apply Advanced Forward LinkTrilateration (AFLT) techniques. In certain example Wideband CodeDivision Multiple Access (WCDMA) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) networksa position location capability may apply Observed Time Difference OfArrival (OTDOA) techniques.

LTE OTDOA positioning technology, by way of example, may use PositioningReference Signals (PRS) to determine (e.g., measure, calculate,estimate, etc.) a Time Difference of Arrival (TOA) for the positioningsignals received from neighboring cells to determine an OTDOA. In orderto be able to measure the PRS signals from the serving cell and neighborcells, a mobile device, may send an assistance data request to an OTDOAsystem server. Such a server may then send certain assistance data,e.g., possible indicating a suite of cells' information (e.g., BaseStation Almanac (BSA) and timing information), to the mobile device. Inthis example, at least a portion of the information provided to themobile device by way of such example assistance data may help the mobiledevice to identify which PRS(s) (cells, transceivers, etc.) to attemptto use for TOA measurements. Note, the terms mobile device, userequipment (UE), and mobile station (MS) are used interchangeably hereinand unless otherwise specified are intended to cover any type ofelectronic device that may participate in the example techniques and/orsystems provided herein.

In some instances, an OTDOA measurement may comprise a Reference SignalTime Difference (RSTD). An RSTD may, for example, indicate a relativetiming difference between two cells (e.g., a reference cell and aneighbour cell), calculated as the smallest time difference between twosubframe boundaries received from the two different cells. The PRSsignals may be transmitted by their respective cells on the same carrierfrequency (herein, referred to intra-frequency). In other instances, thePRS signals may be transmitted on different carrier frequencies (herein,referred to as inter-frequency). Thus, an RSTD measurement may becalculated for both “intra-frequency” PRS signals and “inter-frequency”PRS signals.

Such TOA-based measurements may be related to the geometric distancebetween an antenna of the mobile device and an antenna of thetransmitting base station. In certain instances, however, frequencycomponents of a positioning signal may encounter a time delay (herein,referred to as group delay), e.g., while being processed by circuitry ina device, such as an amplifier, while propagating through a medium suchas air, etc. When performing intra-frequency measurements, a group delayof each signal transmitted on the same frequency may be the same andthus, may be easily discounted. However, when performing inter-frequencymeasurements, accurate positioning may be difficult to achieve withoutcompensating in some manner for the different delays encountered by thediffering frequencies of the positioning signals.

Some systems may attempt to provide inter-frequency compensation byincluding a static look-up table in the mobile device which may includevarious inter-frequency bias compensation values for the carrierfrequencies that a particular mobile device supports. However, the groupdelays encountered by certain frequencies may vary over time, forexample, due in-part to changing environmental factors, such astemperature. Thus, an inaccurate bias compensation may be applied attimes, which may reduce the accuracy of such inter-frequencymeasurements, and possibly the accuracy of a corresponding position fixfor the mobile device.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary relating to one or moreaspects and/or embodiments disclosed herein. As such, the followingsummary should not be considered an extensive overview relating to allcontemplated aspects and/or embodiments, nor should the followingsummary be regarded to identify key or critical elements relating to allcontemplated aspects and/or embodiments or to delineate the scopeassociated with any particular aspect and/or embodiment. Accordingly,the following summary has the sole purpose to present certain conceptsrelating to one or more aspects and/or embodiments relating to themechanisms disclosed herein in a simplified form to precede the detaileddescription presented below.

Aspects of the present disclosure include a method, an apparatus, amobile device, a server, and a non-transitory computer-readable mediumfor assisting or otherwise determining the position of the mobile devicebased on inter-frequency positioning signal TOA measurements.

For example, according to one aspect, a method for use in determining aposition of a mobile device in a wireless communication network includesacquiring, by the mobile device, a first positioning signal transmittedat a first frequency and a second positioning signal transmitted at asecond frequency that is different than the first frequency. The mobiledevice performs a first measurement of a time difference of arrivalbetween the first positioning signal and the second positioning signal.In response to a determination to not apply an inter-frequency biascompensation to the first measurement for inter-frequency related delayscorresponding to the first frequency, the second frequency, or both thefirst frequency and the second frequency, the mobile device sends thefirst measurement and a first measurement description to a server todetermine the position of the mobile device. The first measurementdescription indicates that the first measurement has not beencompensated for the inter-frequency related delays.

According to another aspect, a method for use in a server having acomputing platform, includes obtaining a first measurement of a timedifference of arrival between a first positioning signal and a secondpositioning signal as determined by a mobile device; the firstpositioning signal having been transmitted at a first frequency and thesecond positioning signal having been transmitted at a second frequencythat is different than the first frequency. The method also includesobtaining a measurement description from the mobile device. Then, inresponse to a determination that the measurement description indicatesthat the first measurement has not been compensated, by the mobiledevice, for inter-frequency related delays corresponding to the firstfrequency, the second frequency, or both the first frequency and thesecond frequency, the computing platform determines an inter-frequencybias compensation for the inter-frequency related delays correspondingto the first measurement, applies the inter-frequency bias compensationto the first measurement to generate a compensated measurement, anddetermines, at least in part, a position of the mobile device based, atleast in part, on the compensated measurement.

According to yet another aspect, a mobile device for assisting in thedetermination of a position of the mobile device in a wirelesscommunication network includes memory adapted to store program code anda processing unit coupled to the memory to access and executeinstructions included in the program code. The instructions areconfigured to acquire a first positioning signal transmitted at a firstfrequency and a second positioning signal transmitted at a secondfrequency that is different than the first frequency and perform a firstmeasurement of a time difference of arrival between the firstpositioning signal and the second positioning signal. The instructionsare further configured to, in response to a determination, at the mobiledevice, to not apply an inter-frequency bias compensation to the firstmeasurement for inter-frequency related delays corresponding to thefirst frequency, the second frequency, or both the first frequency andthe second frequency, send the first measurement and a first measurementdescription to a server to determine the position of the mobile device.The first measurement description indicates that the first measurementhas not been compensated, at the mobile device, for the inter-frequencyrelated delays.

In another aspect, a server for assisting in the determination of aposition of a mobile device in a wireless communication network includesmemory adapted to store program code and a processing unit coupled tothe memory to access and execute instructions included in the programcode. The instructions are configured to direct the location server toobtain a measurement description and a first measurement of a timedifference of arrival between a first positioning signal and a secondpositioning signal as determined by the mobile device, the firstpositioning signal having been transmitted at a first frequency and thesecond positioning signal having been transmitted at a second frequencythat is different than the first frequency. The instructions are furtherconfigured to direct the location server to, in response to adetermination that the measurement description indicates that the firstmeasurement has not been compensated, by the mobile device, forinter-frequency related delays corresponding to the first frequency, thesecond frequency, or both the first frequency and the second frequency:(i) determine an inter-frequency bias compensation for theinter-frequency related delays corresponding to the first measurement;(ii) apply the inter-frequency bias compensation to the firstmeasurement to generate a compensated measurement; and (iii) determine,at least in part, the position of the mobile device based, at least inpart, on the compensated measurement.

In yet another aspect, a mobile device for assisting in thedetermination of a position of the mobile device in a wirelesscommunication network, includes means for acquiring a first positioningsignal transmitted at a first frequency and a second positioning signaltransmitted at a second frequency that is different than the firstfrequency; means for performing a first measurement of a time differenceof arrival between the first positioning signal and the secondpositioning signal; and means for sending the first measurement and afirst measurement description to a server to determine the position ofthe mobile device in response to a determination, at the mobile device,to not apply an inter-frequency bias compensation to the firstmeasurement for inter-frequency related delays corresponding to thefirst frequency, the second frequency, or both the first frequency andthe second frequency. The first measurement description indicates thatthe first measurement has not been compensated, at the mobile device,for the inter-frequency related delays.

In another aspect, a server for assisting in the determination of aposition of a mobile device in a wireless communication network includesmeans for obtaining a first measurement of a time difference of arrivalbetween a first positioning signal and a second positioning signal asdetermined by the mobile device, the first positioning signal havingbeen transmitted at a first frequency and the second positioning signalhaving been transmitted at a second frequency that is different than thefirst frequency; means for obtaining a measurement description from themobile device; means for determining an inter-frequency biascompensation for inter-frequency related delays corresponding to thefirst frequency, the second frequency, or both the first frequency andthe second frequency in response to a determination that the measurementdescription indicates that the first measurement has not beencompensated, by the mobile device, for the inter-frequency relateddelays; means for applying the inter-frequency bias compensation to thefirst measurement to generate a compensated measurement in response tothe determination that the measurement description indicates that thefirst measurement has not been compensated; and means for determining,at least in part, the position of the mobile device based, at least inpart, on the compensated measurement in response to the determinationthat the measurement description indicates that the first measurementhas not been compensated.

Another aspect includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium thatincludes program code stored thereon for use in determining a positionof a mobile device in a wireless communication network. The program codeincludes instructions to acquire a first positioning signal transmittedat a first frequency and a second positioning signal transmitted at asecond frequency that is different than the first frequency and toperform a first measurement of a time difference of arrival between thefirst positioning signal and the second positioning signal. The programcode further includes instructions to, in response to a determination,at the mobile device, to not apply an inter-frequency bias compensationto the first measurement for inter-frequency related delayscorresponding to the first frequency, the second frequency, or both thefirst frequency and the second frequency, send the first measurement anda first measurement description to a server to determine the position ofthe mobile device, wherein the first measurement description indicatesthat the first measurement has not been compensated, at the mobiledevice, for the inter-frequency related delays.

In yet another aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable mediumincludes program code stored thereon for use in determining a positionof a mobile device in a wireless communication network. The program codeincludes instructions to obtain, at a server, a first measurement of atime difference of arrival between a first positioning signal and asecond positioning signal as determined by the mobile device, the firstpositioning signal having been transmitted at a first frequency and thesecond positioning signal having been transmitted at a second frequencythat is different than the first frequency. The program code furtherincludes instructions to obtain, at the server, a measurementdescription from the mobile device, and, in response to a determinationthat the measurement description indicates that the first measurementhas not been compensated, by the mobile device, for inter-frequencyrelated delays corresponding to the first frequency, the secondfrequency, or both the first frequency and the second frequency to (i)determine an inter-frequency bias compensation for the inter-frequencyrelated delays corresponding to the first measurement; (ii) apply theinter-frequency bias compensation to the first measurement to generate acompensated measurement; and (iii) determine, at least in part, theposition of the mobile device based, at least in part, on thecompensated measurement.

In still another aspect, a method may be provided for use in a mobiledevice, which comprises, at the mobile device: acquiring a firstpositioning signal transmitted at a first frequency and a secondpositioning signal transmitted at a second frequency that is differentthan the first frequency; performing a measurement of a time differenceof arrival between the first positioning signal and the secondpositioning signal; and sending the measurement and a measurementdescription to a location server, wherein the measurement descriptionindicates that the measurement has not been compensated, at the mobiledevice, for inter-frequency related delays corresponding to the firstfrequency, the second frequency, or both the first frequency and thesecond frequency.

In yet another aspect, a method may be provided for use in a mobiledevice, which comprises, at the mobile device: acquiring a firstpositioning signal transmitted at a first frequency and a secondpositioning signal transmitted at a second frequency that is differentthan the first frequency; performing a measurement of a time differenceof arrival between the first positioning signal and the secondpositioning signal; and applying an inter-frequency bias compensation tothe measurement to generate a compensated measurement, theinter-frequency bias compensation to reduce inter-frequency relateddelays corresponding to the first frequency, the second frequency, orboth the first frequency and the second frequency; and sending thecompensated measurement and a measurement description to a locationserver, wherein the measurement description indicates that thecompensated measurement has been compensated, at the mobile device, forthe inter-frequency related delays.

In certain further aspects, an apparatus for use in a mobile device maybe provided which comprises: means for acquiring a first positioningsignal transmitted at a first frequency and a second positioning signaltransmitted at a second frequency that is different than the firstfrequency; means for performing a measurement of a time difference ofarrival between the first positioning signal and the second positioningsignal; and means for sending the measurement and a measurementdescription to a location server, wherein the measurement descriptionindicates that the measurement has not been compensated, at the mobiledevice, for inter-frequency related delays corresponding to the firstfrequency, the second frequency, or both the first frequency and thesecond frequency.

In certain further aspects, an apparatus for use in a mobile device maybe provided which comprises: means for acquiring a first positioningsignal transmitted at a first frequency and a second positioning signaltransmitted at a second frequency that is different than the firstfrequency; means for performing a measurement of a time difference ofarrival between the first positioning signal and the second positioningsignal; means for applying an inter-frequency bias compensation to themeasurement to generate a compensated measurement, the inter-frequencybias compensation to reduce inter-frequency related delays correspondingto the first frequency, the second frequency, or both the firstfrequency and the second frequency; and means for sending thecompensated measurement and a measurement description to a locationserver, wherein the measurement description indicates that thecompensated measurement has been compensated, at the mobile device, forthe inter-frequency related delays.

In certain other aspects, a mobile device may be provided whichcomprises memory adapted to store program code, and a processing unitcoupled to the memory to access and execute instructions included in theprogram code to direct the mobile device to: acquire a first positioningsignal transmitted at a first frequency and a second positioning signaltransmitted at a second frequency that is different than the firstfrequency; perform a measurement of a time difference of arrival betweenthe first positioning signal and the second positioning signal; and sendthe measurement and a measurement description to a location server,wherein the measurement description indicates that the measurement hasnot been compensated, at the mobile device, for inter-frequency relateddelays corresponding to the first frequency, the second frequency, orboth the first frequency and the second frequency.

In certain other aspects, a mobile device may be provided whichcomprises memory adapted to store program code, and a processing unitcoupled to the memory to access and execute instructions included in theprogram code to direct the mobile device to: acquire a first positioningsignal transmitted at a first frequency and a second positioning signaltransmitted at a second frequency that is different than the firstfrequency; perform a measurement of a time difference of arrival betweenthe first positioning signal and the second positioning signal; apply aninter-frequency bias compensation to the measurement to generate acompensated measurement, the inter-frequency bias compensation to reduceinter-frequency related delays corresponding to the first frequency, thesecond frequency, or both the first frequency and the second frequency;and send the compensated measurement and a measurement description to alocation server, wherein the measurement description indicates that thecompensated measurement has been compensated, at the mobile device, forthe inter-frequency related delays.

In still other aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium may beprovided which includes program code stored thereon for use indetermining a position of a mobile device in a wireless communicationnetwork, the program code comprising instructions to: acquire a firstpositioning signal transmitted at a first frequency and a secondpositioning signal transmitted at a second frequency that is differentthan the first frequency; perform a measurement of a time difference ofarrival between the first positioning signal and the second positioningsignal; and send the measurement and a measurement description to alocation server, wherein the measurement description indicates that themeasurement has not been compensated, at the mobile device, forinter-frequency related delays corresponding to the first frequency, thesecond frequency, or both the first frequency and the second frequency.

In some other aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium may beprovided which includes program code stored thereon for use indetermining a position of a mobile device in a wireless communicationnetwork, the program code comprising instructions to: acquire a firstpositioning signal transmitted at a first frequency and a secondpositioning signal transmitted at a second frequency that is differentthan the first frequency; perform a measurement of a time difference ofarrival between the first positioning signal and the second positioningsignal; apply an inter-frequency bias compensation to the measurement togenerate a compensated measurement, the inter-frequency biascompensation to reduce inter-frequency related delays corresponding tothe first frequency, the second frequency, or both the first frequencyand the second frequency; and send the compensated measurement and ameasurement description to a location server, wherein the measurementdescription indicates that the compensated measurement has beencompensated, at the mobile device, for the inter-frequency relateddelays.

Other objects and advantages associated with the aspects and embodimentsdisclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based onthe accompanying drawings and detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in the description ofvarious example embodiments and are provided solely for illustration ofthe embodiments and not limitation thereof.

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an example wirelesscommunication network, in accordance with an example implementation.

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of an example mobile deviceperforming a measurement of a time difference of arrival ofinter-frequency positioning signals, in accordance with an exampleimplementation.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example process, by a mobiledevice, of determining a position of the mobile device, in accordancewith an example implementation.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example process of determiningwhether to apply an inter-frequency bias compensation at the mobiledevice, in accordance with an example implementation.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example process, by a server, ofdetermining a position of the mobile device, in accordance with anexample implementation.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example process, by a server, ofdetermining a position of the mobile device that includes determining anew inter-frequency bias compensation by the server, in accordance withan example implementation.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example message flow for use indetermining a position of a mobile device, in accordance with an exampleimplementation.

FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram showing certain features of anexample mobile device, in accordance with an example implementation.

FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram showing certain features of anexample server or other like computing platform/device, in accordancewith an example implementation.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for use in amobile device of determining a position of the mobile device, inaccordance with an example implementation.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating another example process for use in amobile device of determining a position of the mobile device, inaccordance with an example implementation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various aspects are disclosed in the following description and relateddrawings directed to some example embodiments. Alternate embodiments maybe devised without departing from the scope of this description.Additionally, well-known elements may not be described in detail or willbe omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of exampletechniques presented herein.

The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example,instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as“exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred oradvantageous over other embodiments. Further, the interchangeable terms“embodiment” and “implementation” do not require that allembodiments/implementations include the discussed feature, advantage,mode of operation, etc.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of embodiments. Asused herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,”“comprising,” “includes,” and/or “including,” when used herein, specifythe presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements,and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of oneor more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements,components, and/or groups thereof.

Further, many embodiments are described in terms of sequences of actionsto be performed by, for example, elements of a computing device. It willbe recognized that various actions described herein can be performed byspecific circuits (e.g., application specific integrated circuits(ASICs)), by program instructions being executed by one or moreprocessors, or by a combination of both. Additionally, these sequence ofactions described herein can be considered to be embodied entirelywithin any form of computer-readable storage medium having storedtherein a corresponding set of computer instructions that upon executionwould cause an associated processor to perform the functionalitydescribed herein. Thus, the various aspects presented herein may beembodied in a number of different forms, all of which have beencontemplated to be within the scope of the claimed subject matter.

Although much of the description herein is drawn to examples in which awireless communication system comprises a cellular communication system,it should be understood that the techniques provided herein may beapplied in various manners within one or more other wirelesscommunication systems. Thus, for example, techniques provided herein maybe applied to or otherwise adapted to wireless networks having devices(e.g., access point devices, dedicated beacon transmitters, etc.) thattransmit certain applicable types of position signals from known ordiscoverable locations. The terms “network” and “system” may be usedinterchangeably herein, as well, to represent the same aspect, forexample, as in a wireless communication system and a wirelesscommunication network.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication network 130according to one or more example embodiments. As shown, wirelesscommunication network 130 includes a network of cells (e.g., cells 142-1through 142-10), a network 134, a server 146 (e.g., representing all orpart of one or more computing platforms), and one or more mobile devices136. The cells (e.g., cells 142-1 through 142-10) may, for example, beconfigured to enable mobile device 136 to access services and devicesassociated with wireless communication network 130, possibly one or moreexternal networks, such as the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN),the Internet, an intranet, etc., certain computing platform(s) or otherlike devices, or some combination thereof, which for the sake of thisillustration may be represented, in whole or in part, by the cloud imageof network 134.

Each cell (e.g., cells 142-1 through 142-10) may include at least onebase station (e.g., base stations 140-1 through 140-10) or other liketransceiver-configured access device. The base stations (e.g., basestations 140-1 through 140-10) may be geographically distributed acrossa wide geographic area served by wireless communication network 130. Thebase stations (e.g., base stations 140-1 through 140-10) may providewireless coverage for one or more respective portions of that geographicarea, referred to as cells (e.g., cells 142-1 through 142-10). Becauseof this, the mobile device 136 may move within or between cells (e.g.,cells 142-1 through 142-10) and may communicate with one or more basestations (e.g., base stations 140-1 through 140-10) at a given position.

Different cells (e.g., cells 142-1 through 142-10) may have differentnominal sizes/shapes, e.g., depending on the maximum transmit powerutilized by the base stations (e.g., 140-1 through 140-10) serving thosecells. For example, base station 140-1 may have a relatively largemaximum transmit power and correspondingly serves mobile devices 136within a relatively large cell 142-1, while base station 140-8 may havea relatively small maximum transmit power and correspondingly servesmobile devices 136 within a relatively small cell 142-8. In general,different base stations that have different pre-defined maximum transmitpowers (and thereby serve cells of different nominal sizes) belong todifferent base station classes (e.g., a macro base station class, amicro base station class, a pico base station class, femto base stationclass, etc.).

Different base stations may operate on different carrier frequencies.For example, the base stations serving relatively large cells mayoperate on a certain carrier frequency F1 (for example, at 2 GHz), andbase stations serving relatively small cells may operate on a carrierFrequency F2 (for example, at 3.5 GHz), different from carrier frequencyF1. Such deployments with large cells (e.g., macro cells) and smallcells (e.g., micro-, pico-, etc. cells) are often referred to asHeterogeneous Networks (HetNet). Using different carrier frequencies forthe macro cell layer and small cell layer often simplifies networkplanning and reduces inter-cell interference. For example, it may avoidhaving a small cell layer interfere with a macro cell layer.

As shown in FIG. 1, mobile device 136, at its current illustratedposition, may be served by base station 140-4 in the sense that themobile device 136 may currently be configured to exchange data with thebase station 140-4 (e.g., to place calls, access variousservices/networks, etc). Thus, base station 140-4 may transmit data tomobile device 136 on a particular frequency (referred to as the servingcell frequency) and over a particular bandwidth (known as the servingcell bandwidth). Thus, in this example, from the perspective of mobiledevice 136, base station 140-4 may be referred to as the serving basestation and cell 142-4 is the serving cell. Other cells that may begeographically adjacent to or partially coincident with the serving cell142-4 may be referred to as neighboring cells. In this example, allcells shown in FIG. 1 may be neighboring cells of cell 142-4, possiblywith the exception of cells 142-1 and 142-5.

Each of the cells (e.g., cells 142-1 through 142-10) (via a respectivebase station) may periodically transmit a positioning signal (e.g.,positioning signals 144-2, 144-3, 144-4, 144-6, and 144-7). Apositioning signal may, for example, comprise a predetermined signalthat may be known to both a cell transmitting that signal and, possiblywith the aid of assistance data provided by the server 146, by mobiledevice 136 receiving the signal. Exemplary positioning signals 144-2,144-3, 144-4, 144-6, and 144-7 may be transmitted on the same ordifferent frequencies as one another. For example, positioning signal144-2 may be transmitted by cell 142-2 on the same carrier frequency aspositioning signal 144-3 that is transmitted by cell 142-3, whilepositioning signal 144-4 may be transmitted on a carrier frequency thatis different from the carrier frequency used to transmit 144-6. A TOAmeasurement on positioning signals of the same frequency is referred toherein as an intra-frequency TOA measurement, while a TOA measurement onpositioning signals of differing frequencies is referred to herein as aninter-frequency TOA measurement.

In some implementations a “carrier” may be defined in accordance with3GPP TS 36.104 as “The modulated waveform conveying the E-UTRA or UTRAphysical channels”. The carrier frequency may be the center frequency ofthe transmitted positioning signal. In each operating band, there aremultiple carrier frequencies possible (dependent on the particularstandard, and region of the world), and the modulated positioning signalhas a certain bandwidth. In operation, the mobile device tunes its radioto the desired carrier frequency, and demodulates the positioningsignal. The carrier frequencies are usually arranged such that bands donot overlap. E.g., if carrier frequency f1 uses a single-sided bandwidthof B1, then the spectrum required to transmit this signal is +/−B1,centered at f1. A separate carrier frequency f2 must then be outside ofthe spectrum covered by f1+/−B1, otherwise the two transmitted signalsat f1 and f2 would overlap and interfere with each other. The carrierfrequencies that are allowed are defined in the particular standard. Thestandard makes sure that the allowed carrier frequencies “make sense”(e.g., do not result in overlapping spectra, or any other restrictions).

The positioning signals (e.g., positioning signals 144-2, 144-3, 144-4,144-6, and 144-7) transmitted by the cells in this exemplary manner maybe acquired by mobile device 136 and used to determine positioningsignal measurements, which may be used, at least in part, to determine aposition of mobile device 136. For example, certain positioning signalmeasurements may be used, e.g., applied in a known multilaterationtechnique or the like to determine a relative or other like coordinatebased position location (e.g., a geographic position, etc.) of mobiledevice 136.

In one embodiment, mobile device 136 may communicate with server 146(e.g., possibly a location server) on network 134 for accomplishing, atleast in part, such a purpose. Communication between mobile device 136and server 146 may include, for example, one or more transactionsbetween mobile device 136 and server 146. A transaction may pertain to aparticular operation, such as the exchange of capabilities, the transferof measurement(s) 104 (e.g., reference signal time difference (RSTD)) toserver 146, the transfer of assistance data (AD) 102 from server 146 tomobile device 136 possibly for assisting mobile device 136 to performcertain positioning signal measurement(s), or the transfer of anoptional measurement description 104 related those measurements (e.g.,all or part of a determined position of mobile device 136), just to namea few examples.

Assistance data 102 may, for example, be generated or otherobtained/stored by server 146 and transferred to the mobile device 136.Mobile device 136 may, in certain example implementations, attempt todetermine one or more OTDOA measurements for one or more pairs ofpositioning signals (e.g., positioning signals 144-2, 144-3, 144-4,144-6, and 144-7) from different cells (e.g., cells 142-1 through142-10).

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary mobile device 200configured to perform an inter-frequency timing measurement ofpositioning signals 202 and 204 that are transmitted by respective basestations 206 and 208. Mobile device 200 represents a subset of featuresthat may be provided in an example implementation of mobile device, suchas, e.g., mobile device 136 of FIG. 1, while base stations 206 and 208are illustrated examples representative of any of the base stationsand/or other like transceiver devices that may be included in wirelesscommunication network 130. More specifically, for this description,illustrated example of mobile device 200 includes an RF front end (e.g.,represented by a receiver 212) and a baseband processor 214. As shown inFIG. 2, base station 206 may be configured to transmit positioningsignal 202 on carrier frequency F1, while base station 208 may beconfigured to transmit positioning signal 204 on carrier frequency F2,which is a separate and distinct frequency from frequency F1. Themeasured TOA (τ) of each positioning signal will be indicative of therespective time that it took for the respective positioning signal topropagate the distance between the antenna of the transmitting basestation and the antenna of the receiving mobile device. By way ofexample, a TOA τ1 for positioning signal 202 may be expressed asτ1=d1/C, where d1 is the distance between base station 206 and antenna210, and where C is the speed of light (in a vacuum). Similarly, a TOAτ2 for positioning signal 204 may be expressed as τ2=d2/C, where d2 isthe distance between base station 208 and antenna 210.

As mentioned above, when calculating a reference signal time difference(RSTD) for intra-frequency positioning signals, a group delayencountered by the positioning signals may be the same, and thus themobile device 200 may subtract the measured TOAs, such that the RSTDmeasurement for positioning signals 202 and 204 is expressed asRSTD_(2,1)=(d2−d1)/C. However, when calculating an RSTD forinter-frequency positioning signals, it may be useful to account for TOAmeasurement effects due to the signals possibly experiencing differentgroup delays. Thus, for inter-frequency, an example RSTD measurement forpositioning signals 202 and 204 may be expressed asRSTD_(2,1)=(d2−d1)/C+Δ(F₁,F₂), where Δ(F₁,F₂) represents theinter-frequency bias caused by a group delay encountered by positioningsignal 202 that may be different from that encountered by positioningsignal 204. A measured RSTD for inter-frequency measurements (e.g.,measurement 216) may, for example, be compensated in an attempt to moreaccurately correspond to the propagation distance difference. That is,different receiver chains (for different carrier frequencies) usuallyhave different group delays, which may impact the RSTD measurementperformance. Because of this, the desired (possibly minimum) performancerequirements for inter-frequency RSTD measurements in some systems maybe relaxed compared to intra-frequency measurements (e.g., +/−9 Ts forinter-frequency, compared to +/−5 Ts for intra-frequency RSTDmeasurements [3GPP TS 36.133], where Ts is the basic time unit in LTEand is equal to 1/(15000×2048) seconds, which is a little more than 32ns (corresponding to about 9.8 meters). Therefore, inter-frequency RSTDmeasurement errors in some systems may be about twice as big asintra-frequency RSTD measurement errors.

Some systems may attempt to provide inter-frequency compensation byincluding a static look-up table in the mobile device (e.g., in memory)that includes various inter-frequency bias compensations for the carrierfrequencies that the particular mobile device may support. In practice,this means that a mobile device may need to maintain a calibration tablefor different carrier frequency pairs to compensate for the RSTDmeasurements for the different group delays. With mobile devicessupporting multiple frequency bands, such tables may become quite large,since the group delays may be different for each supported carrierfrequency. In addition, such static calibration tables may be less thanideal, since group delays may vary with e.g., temperature, bandwidth andvarious implementation restrictions (e.g., variation of characteristicsin high volume filter parts). Therefore, OTDOA positioning withinter-frequency RSTD measurements in some systems may be less accuratecompared to the case when only intra-frequency RSTD measurements areused. However, in practical deployments, RSTD measurements are usuallyneeded from base stations which operate on different carrierfrequencies, as described above in relation to FIG. 1.

Accordingly, in accordance with certain aspects of the presentdisclosure some exemplary techniques are provided that may be used tosupport position determinations of a mobile device or for otherpurposes, and which make use of inter-frequency OTDOA measurements, and,for example, wherein an inter-frequency bias compensation may be(dynamically) calculated in response to an initial (likelyuncompensated) determined OTDOA measurement. In one instance, forexample, a server (e.g., a location server or the like) may beconfigured to solve for a frequency bias compensation in response to aninitial determined OTDOA measurement (instead of trying to performfrequency bias compensation at the mobile device). That is, a mobiledevice inter-frequency group delay bias may be a common bias (common tothe inter-frequency RSTD measurement performed on the same carrierfrequency pair). This unknown bias can be added as an additional unknownto a cost function. The minimization of such a cost function (e.g., viaa Taylor series estimation) may provide the estimated position of themobile device as well as the mobile device frequency bias (with whichthe RSTD measurements would be corrected/compensated). With thisapproach, the inter-frequency OTDOA performance may be the same as, orapproach that of, intra-frequency RSTD.

In one aspect, a mobile device (e.g., mobile device 136) may signal tothe server 146 (e.g., a location server or the like), by way of ameasurement description 104, as to whether or not the server is expectedto solve for inter-frequency bias compensation, whether or not themobile device may have already applied some form inter-frequency biascompensation to a one or more corresponding determined measurements, orboth. For example, a measurement description may comprise a flag (e.g.,one or more bits) in an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message, such asthe LPP Provide Location Information message that indicates to a serverthat a provided inter-frequency RSTD measurement (e.g., OTDOAmeasurement) has or has not been compensated for any group delay biasthat may have occurred, e.g., due to a difference between frequencies ofthe positioning signals used in the determined OTDOA measurement.

In another aspect, certain similar (dynamic) inter-frequency biasdetermination capabilities as may be provided at a server (in whole orpart) may instead or further also be implemented (in whole or part) at amobile device for mobile device-based OTDOA. Indeed, in certainimplementations, all or part of a position calculation may be performedby such a mobile device.

In some embodiments, inter-frequency bias may be treated as anadditional unknown variable in the position calculation function. Forexample, as mentioned above, the Time-of-Arrival (TOA) values measuredby the mobile device are related to the geometric distance between themobile device and the base station. An N number of TOA values measuredat the mobile device can be written as:

$\begin{matrix}{{\hat{\tau}}_{1} = {T_{1} + \frac{d_{1}}{c} + \Delta_{f\; 1} + ɛ_{1}}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 1a} \right) \\{{\hat{\tau}}_{2} = {T_{2} + \frac{d_{2}}{c} + \Delta_{f\; 1} + ɛ_{2}}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 1b} \right) \\\vdots & \; \\{{\hat{\tau}}_{i} = {T_{i} + \frac{d_{i}}{c} + \Delta_{f\; 1} + ɛ_{i}}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 1c} \right) \\{{\hat{\tau}}_{i + 1} = {T_{i + 1} + \frac{d_{i + 1}}{c} + \Delta_{f\; 2} + ɛ_{i + 1}}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 1d} \right) \\\vdots & \; \\{{\hat{\tau}}_{N} = {T_{N} + \frac{d_{N}}{c} + \Delta_{f\; 2} + ɛ_{N}}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 1e} \right)\end{matrix}$

where

-   -   {circumflex over (τ)}_(i) is the TOA measured at the mobile for        base station i;    -   T_(i) is the transmit time at which the base station i transmits        a downlink subframe;    -   d_(i) is the distance between the antenna of the mobile device        and antenna of the base station i,    -   c is the speed of the radio waves (speed of light);    -   Δ_(fi) is the group delay of the front-end for signals on        carrier frequency f;    -   ε_(i) is the measurement error due to noise, interference, etc.

In the above equations (1), it is assumed that the TOA measurements 1 toi are performed on one or more base station transmitted positioningsignals on carrier frequency f₁; and the TOA measurements (i+1) to N areperformed on one or more base station transmitted positioning signals oncarrier frequency f₂.

In OTDOA location, the TOA's measured from neighbor base stations may besubtracted from the TOA measured from a reference base station. TheseTOA differences may be defined as OTDOA, or Reference Signal TimeDifference (RSTD), since the TOA's are measured from reference signals,such as positioning reference signals, for example.

Defining the TOA measurement from the reference base station as{circumflex over (τ)}₁, the OTDOA's may then be given by:

$\begin{matrix}{{OTDOA}_{2,1} = {{{\hat{\tau}}_{2} - {\hat{\tau}}_{1}} = {\left( {T_{2} - T_{1}} \right) + \frac{d_{2} - d_{1}}{c} + \left( {ɛ_{2} - ɛ_{1}} \right)}}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 2a} \right) \\\vdots & \; \\{{OTDOA}_{i,1} = {{{\hat{\tau}}_{i} - {\hat{\tau}}_{1}} = {\left( {T_{i} - T_{1}} \right) + \frac{d_{i} - d_{1}}{c} + \left( {ɛ_{i} - ɛ_{1}} \right)}}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 2b} \right) \\\begin{matrix}{{OTDOA}_{{i + 1},1} = {{\hat{\tau}}_{i + 1} - {\hat{\tau}}_{1}}} \\{= {\left( {T_{i + 1} - T_{1}} \right) + \frac{d_{i + 1} - d_{1}}{c} + \left( {\Delta_{f\; 2} - \Delta_{f\; 1}} \right) +}} \\{\left( {ɛ_{i + 1} - ɛ_{1}} \right)}\end{matrix} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 2c} \right) \\\vdots & \; \\\begin{matrix}{{OTDOA}_{N,1} = {{\hat{\tau}}_{N} - {\hat{\tau}}_{1}}} \\{= {\left( {T_{N} - T_{1}} \right) + \frac{d_{N} - d_{1}}{c} + \left( {\Delta_{f\; 2} - \Delta_{f\; 1}} \right) +}} \\{\left( {ɛ_{N} - ɛ_{1}} \right)}\end{matrix} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 2d} \right)\end{matrix}$

The equations (2) include the inter-frequency bias (Δf₂−Δf₁) in case theneighbor cell carrier frequency is different from the carrier frequencyof the reference cell (equations (2c)-(2d)). For intra-frequencymeasurements (equations (2a)-(2b)) any group delay bias essentiallycancels when performing the time differences.

The equations (2) include the time differences of the base stationtransmission (T_(i)−T₁). These base station synchronization differencesare often referred to as “Real Time Differences (RTD)” in OTDOAlocation. Hence, re-arranging equations (2) gives:

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu} {{{OTDOA}_{2,1} - {RTD}_{2,1}} = {\frac{d_{2} - d_{1}}{c} + \left( {ɛ_{2} - ɛ_{1}} \right)}}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 3a} \right) \\{\mspace{79mu} \vdots} & \; \\{\mspace{79mu} {{{OTDOA}_{i,1} - {RTD}_{i,1}} = {\frac{d_{i} - d_{1}}{c} + \left( {ɛ_{i} - ɛ_{1}} \right)}}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 3b} \right) \\\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu} {{{OTDOA}_{{i + 1},1} - {RTD}_{{i + 1},1}} = {\frac{d_{i + 1} - d_{1}}{c} + \left( {\Delta_{f\; 2} - \Delta_{f\; 1}} \right) +}}} \\{\left( {ɛ_{i + 1} - ɛ_{1}} \right)}\end{matrix} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 3c} \right) \\{\mspace{79mu} \vdots} & \; \\{{{OTDOA}_{N,1} - {RTD}_{N,1}} = {\frac{d_{N} - d_{1}}{c} + \left( {\Delta_{f\; 2} - \Delta_{f\; 1}} \right) + \left( {ɛ_{i + 1} - ɛ_{1}} \right)}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 3d} \right)\end{matrix}$

Without loss of generality, one may, for example, adopt a twodimensional Cartesian coordinate system in the x-y plane, and denote themobile location coordinates as (x,y) and the base station i coordinatesas (x_(i),y_(i)). The distances d_(i) can then be written as:

d _(i)=√{square root over ((x−x _(i))²+(y−y _(i))²)}  (EQ 4)

and equations (3) can be expanded into:

$\begin{matrix}{{{OTDOA}_{2,1} - {RTD}_{2,1}} = {\frac{\sqrt{\left( {x - x_{2}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y - y_{2}} \right)^{2}} - \sqrt{\left( {x - x_{1}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y - y_{1}} \right)^{2}}}{c} + \left( {ɛ_{2} - ɛ_{1}} \right)}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 5a} \right) \\{\mspace{79mu} \vdots} & \; \\{{{OTDOA}_{i,1} - {RTD}_{i,1}} = {\frac{\sqrt{\left( {x - x_{i}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y - y_{i}} \right)^{2}} - \sqrt{\left( {x - x_{1}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y - y_{1}} \right)^{2}}}{c} + \left( {ɛ_{i} - ɛ_{1}} \right)}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 5b} \right) \\{{{OTDOA}_{{i + 1},1} - {RTD}_{{i + 1},1}} = {\frac{\sqrt{\left( {x - x_{i + 1}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y - y_{i + 1}} \right)^{2}} - \sqrt{\left( {x - x_{1}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y - y_{1}} \right)^{2}}}{c} + \left( {\Delta_{f\; 2} - \Delta_{f\; 1}} \right) + \left( {ɛ_{i + 1} - ɛ_{1}} \right)}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 5c} \right) \\{\mspace{79mu} \vdots} & \; \\{{{OTDOA}_{N,1} - {RTD}_{N,1}} = {\frac{\sqrt{\left( {x - x_{N}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y - y_{N}} \right)^{2}} - \sqrt{\left( {x - x_{1}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y - y_{1}} \right)^{2}}}{c} + \left( {\Delta_{f\; 2} - \Delta_{f\; 1}} \right) + \left( {ɛ_{N} - ɛ_{1}} \right)}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 5d} \right)\end{matrix}$

For OTDOA location in certain implementations, a network may besynchronized, i.e., such that an RTD may be zero or some other knownvalue. Assuming RTD_(i,1)=0, equations (5) simplify to:

$\begin{matrix}{{OTDOA}_{2,1} = {\frac{\sqrt{\left( {x - x_{2}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y - y_{2}} \right)^{2}} - \sqrt{\left( {x - x_{1}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y - y_{1}} \right)^{2}}}{c} + \left( {ɛ_{2} - ɛ_{1}} \right)}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 6a} \right) \\{\mspace{79mu} \vdots} & \; \\{{OTDOA}_{i,1} = {\frac{\sqrt{\left( {x - x_{i}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y - y_{i}} \right)^{2}} - \sqrt{\left( {x - x_{1}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y - y_{1}} \right)^{2}}}{c} + \left( {ɛ_{i} - ɛ_{1}} \right)}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 6b} \right) \\{{OTDOA}_{{i + 1},1} = {\frac{\sqrt{\left( {x - x_{i + 1}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y - y_{i + 1}} \right)^{2}} - \sqrt{\left( {x - x_{1}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y - y_{1}} \right)^{2}}}{c} + \left( {\Delta_{f\; 2} - \Delta_{f\; 1}} \right) + \left( {ɛ_{i + 1} - ɛ_{1}} \right)}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 6c} \right) \\{\mspace{79mu} \vdots} & \; \\{{OTDOA}_{N,1} = {\frac{\sqrt{\left( {x - x_{N}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y - y_{N}} \right)^{2}} - \sqrt{\left( {x - x_{1}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y - y_{1}} \right)^{2}}}{c} + \left( {\Delta_{f\; 2} - \Delta_{f\; 1}} \right) + \left( {ɛ_{N} - ɛ_{1}} \right)}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 6d} \right)\end{matrix}$

In case of no measurement errors (ε_(i)=0) the set of equations (6)contain three unknowns, namely the mobile location coordinates (x,y) andthe inter-frequency bias (Δf₂−Δf₁). Thus, in certain instances,OTDOA_(i,1) may be determined by a mobile device, and base stationcoordinates (x_(i),y_(i)) may be known or otherwise determinable, e.g.,via various resources within the network.

The set of equations (6) may be compact written using matrix notation:

r=f(x,b)+n  (EQ 7)

where

-   -   r is a N−1 dimensional column vector of OTDOA measurements    -   f is a N−1 dimensional column vector containing the range        differences and inter-frequency biases:

$\begin{matrix}{{f_{i}\left( {x,y,b} \right)} = {\frac{\sqrt{\left( {x - x_{i}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y - y_{i}} \right)^{2}} - \sqrt{\left( {x - x_{1}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y - y_{1}} \right)^{2}}}{c} + b}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 8} \right)\end{matrix}$

-   -   x is the (unknown) mobile location [x,y]^(T)    -   b is an N−1 dimensional column vector containing the        inter-frequency measurement bias b_(i)=(Δf₂−Δf₁)=Δ(f₁,f₂).        -   If the OTDOA measurement (i,1) is an intra-frequency            measurement, then b_(i)=0.    -   n is an N−1 dimensional column vector containing the OTDOA        measurement error.

If x and b are regarded as an unknown but non-random vector and n isassumed to have zero-mean and a Gaussian distribution, then aconditional probability density function of r given x and b is:

$\begin{matrix}{{p\left( {{rx},b} \right)} = {\frac{1}{\left( {2\; \pi} \right)^{{({N - 1})}/2}{N}^{1/2}}\exp \left\{ {{- {\left( {1/2} \right)\left\lbrack {r - {f\left( {x,b} \right)}} \right\rbrack}^{T}}{N^{- 1}\left\lbrack {r - {f\left( {x,b} \right)}} \right\rbrack}} \right\}}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 9} \right)\end{matrix}$

where N is the covariance matrix of the measurement error:

N=E{(n−E{n})(n−E{n})^(T)}  (EQ 10)

A maximum likelihood estimator is therefore the value x,b which minimizethe following cost function:

Q(x,b)=[r−f(x,b)]^(T) N ⁻¹ [r−f(x,b)]  (EQ 11)

Therefore,

({circumflex over (x)},{circumflex over (b)})=argmin{[r−f(x,b)]^(T) N ⁻¹[r−f(x,b)]}  (EQ 12)

In an example embodiment, a navigation solution may be provided by wayof a Taylor series estimation. For example, the function f(x,b) inequation (7) is a non-linear vector function. Thus, one approach tominimize the cost function (11) is to linearize f(x,b). For example,f(x,b) can be expanded in a Taylor series estimation about a referencepoint (x₀,b₀) and the second and higher terms can be neglected. Definingthe vector of unknowns z=[x, b]=(x, y, Δ(f₁,f₂))=(x, y, b), the functionf(z) may be represented as:

as:

$\begin{matrix}{{{f(z)} \simeq {{f\left( z_{0} \right)} + {G \cdot \left( {z - z_{0}} \right)}}}{{where},}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 13} \right) \\{G = \begin{bmatrix}{\frac{\partial f_{2}}{\partial x}}_{z = z_{0}} & {\frac{\partial f_{2}}{\partial y}}_{z = z_{0}} & {\frac{\partial f_{2}}{\partial b}}_{z = z_{0}} \\{\frac{\partial f_{3}}{\partial x}}_{z = z_{0}} & {\frac{\partial f_{3}}{\partial y}}_{z = z_{0}} & {\frac{\partial f_{3}}{\partial b}}_{z = z_{0}} \\\vdots & \vdots & \vdots \\{\frac{\partial f_{N}}{\partial x}}_{z = z_{0}} & {\frac{\partial f_{N}}{\partial y}}_{z = z_{0}} & {\frac{\partial f_{N}}{\partial b}}_{z = z_{0}}\end{bmatrix}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 14} \right)\end{matrix}$

Accordingly, in certain implementations, one may assume that z₀ is closeenough to z that the linearization in (13) is an accurate approximation.Combining (11) and (13) gives:

Q(z)=[r ₁ −Gz] ^(T) N ⁻¹ [r ₁ −Gz]  (EQ 15)

with

r ₁ =r−f(z ₀)+Gz ₀  (EQ 16)

To minimize Q, one may calculate:

$\begin{matrix}{{\bigtriangledown_{z}{Q(z)}} = \left\lbrack {\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x},\frac{\partial Q}{\partial y},\frac{\partial Q}{\partial b}} \right\rbrack^{T}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 17} \right)\end{matrix}$

and solve for z such that ∇_(z)Q(z)=0. Therefore,

$\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}{{\bigtriangledown_{z}{Q(z)}} = {2\left( {\bigtriangledown_{z}\left( {r_{1} - {Gz}} \right)}^{T} \right){N^{- 1}\left( {r_{1} - {Gz}} \right)}}} \\{= {2\left( {{G^{T}N^{- 1}{Gz}} - {G^{T}N^{- 1}r_{1}}} \right)}}\end{matrix} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 18} \right)\end{matrix}$

Now one may set

∇_(z) Q(z)|_(z={circumflex over (z)})=2(G ^(T) N ⁻¹ Gz−G ^(T) N ⁻¹ r₁)=0  (EQ 19)

Assuming G^(T)N⁻¹G is nonsingular, one may obtain:

{circumflex over (z)}=(G ^(T) N ⁻¹ G)⁻¹ G ^(T) N ⁻¹ r ₁  (EQ 20)

Substituting (16) into (20) gives

{circumflex over (z)}=z ₀+(G ^(T) N ⁻¹ G)⁻¹ G ^(T) N ⁻¹(r−f(z ₀))  (EQ21)

Equation (21) gives the desired estimate of the mobile location togetherwith the inter-frequency bias compensation. The matrix G is given byequation (14), and with (8) the partial derivatives are

$\begin{matrix}{G = \begin{bmatrix}{{\frac{x - x_{2}}{d_{2}} - \frac{x - x_{1}}{d_{1}}},} & {{\frac{y - y_{2}}{d_{2}} - \frac{y - y_{1}}{d_{1}}},} & {01} \\{{\frac{x - x_{3}}{d_{3}} - \frac{x - x_{1}}{d_{1}}},} & {{\frac{y - y_{3}}{d_{3}} - \frac{y - y_{1}}{d_{1}}},} & {01} \\\vdots & \vdots & \vdots \\{{\frac{x - x_{N}}{d_{N}} - \frac{x - x_{1}}{d_{1}}},} & {{\frac{y - y_{N}}{d_{N}} - \frac{y - y_{1}}{d_{1}}},} & {01}\end{bmatrix}} & \left( {{EQ}\mspace{14mu} 22} \right)\end{matrix}$

The last column in G contains either a zero or a one value. It is 0, ifthe measurement OTDOA_(i1) is an intra-frequency measurement and 1 ifthe measurement OTDOA_(i1) is an inter-frequency measurement.

The equation (21) describes an iterative procedure to estimate themobile device location together with the inter-frequency biascompensation. The starting point z₀=(x₀, y₀, b₀) may be chosen with thehelp of the Cell-ID location or the like of the mobile device, and b₀may be set to 0. With this initial guess, the mobile device position andinter-frequency bias compensation, may be calculated according to (21).At the next step, this estimated position and inter-frequency biascompensation {circumflex over (z)} may be used as a new initial guess.The iterations will have converged when the change in the estimatedposition is essentially zero.

The above exemplary procedure assumes TOA measurements on two carrierfrequencies. However, the described procedure is not limited to twocarrier frequencies. Skilled artisans may extend the procedure to (forexample) three carrier frequencies by (for example) adding a fourthcolumn to the G matrix in equation 22, describing the inter-frequencybias compensation between another pair of frequencies.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example process 300A for use in amobile device to determine, at least in part, a position of a mobiledevice (e.g., mobile device 136 of FIG. 1, and/or mobile device 200 ofFIG. 2). At process block 302, mobile device may acquire a firstpositioning signal (e.g., positioning signal 202) and a secondpositioning signal (e.g., positioning signal 204). In one aspect, themobile device acquires the first and second positioning signals inresponse to assistance data 102 provided by server 146. The assistancedata 102 may include relevant information (e.g., carrier frequencies) ofthe positioning signals that are to be used by the mobile device fordetermining one or more OTDOA measurements. Thus, in one example, theassistance data may correspond to (first) positioning signal 202transmitted by a (first) base station 206 and to a (second) positioningsignal 204 transmitted by a (second) base station 208, where the firstpositioning signal is transmitted on a first frequency (e.g., F1) andthe second positioning signal is transmitted on a second frequency(e.g., F2) that is separate and distinct from the first frequency (e.g.,F1≠F2).

At process block 304, the mobile device may perform a first measurementof a time difference of arrival of the pair of first and secondpositioning signals. In one example, performing the first measurementincludes performing an Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA)measurement of the first and second positioning signals. At processblock 304, the first measurement is uncompensated for anyinter-frequency related delays (e.g., group delay) corresponding to thefirst frequency (e.g., F1), the second frequency (e.g., F2), or both thefirst and second frequencies (e.g., F1 and F2). Thus, any initial RSTDdeterminations made by the mobile device at process block 304 do notinclude inter-frequency bias compensation for a difference between thefirst frequency of the first positioning signal and the second frequencyof the second positioning signal, and thus are not compensated fordifferent group delays that may be encountered by the first and/orsecond positioning signals.

In process block 306, a determination is made as to whether or not toapply an inter-frequency bias compensation to the first measurement atthe mobile device. In certain implementations, the mobile device mayselectively determine whether or not to apply some form ofinter-frequency bias compensation based on one or more factors, such as,just to name a few examples, one or more of the first or secondpositioning signals, one or more of the capabilities, resources, of themobile device and/or server, or other pertinent information availablewith regard to the mobile device, the server, the network, or somecombination thereof. By way of example, the determination of whether ornot to apply the inter-frequency bias compensation to the firstmeasurement at the mobile device may be based on a known, or dynamicallydetermined, capability of a server (e.g., location server 146) tocompensate for the inter-frequency related delays at the server. FIG. 4is a flowchart illustrating an example process 400 of determiningwhether to apply an inter-frequency bias compensation at the mobiledevice, in accordance with such an example implementation. In theillustrated example, process block 402 includes the mobile devicereceiving a message from the server (e.g., server 146). In oneembodiment, the message received at the mobile device is an LTEPositioning Protocol (LPP) message that indicates whether the serverincludes the capability to compensate measurements at the server for theinter-frequency related delays. Upon receiving the message from theserver, the mobile device may then, in process block 404, determinewhether the message indicates that the server does indeed have thecapability to compensate measurements for the inter-frequency relateddelays. If the message received from the server indicates that theserver does have the capability to compensate measurements for theinter-frequency related delays, process block 408 includes determiningto not apply an inter-frequency bias compensation to the firstmeasurement and process 300 (see FIG. 3) proceeds to process block 308,where the mobile device sends the first (i.e., uncompensated)measurement to the server. In one aspect, as shown in process block 308,the mobile device may send, in addition to the first measurement, afirst measurement description to the server. The first measurementdescription may indicate, among other things, that the first measurementhas not been compensated at the mobile device for the inter-frequencyrelated delays (e.g., mobile device has not applied an inter-frequencybias compensation to the first measurement). In one embodiment, sendingthe first measurement description to the server includes sending an LTEPositioning Protocol (LPP) message. The LPP message may include a flag,where the logic state of the flag indicates whether the correspondingfirst measurement has been compensated for the inter-frequency relateddelays. As will be described in more detail below, the server (e.g.,server 146) may then determine the inter-frequency bias compensation ofthe first measurement at the server and determine, at least, theposition of the mobile device.

Returning now to FIG. 4, if the message received from the server inprocess block 402 indicates that the server does not have the capabilityto compensate measurements for the inter-frequency related delays,process block 406 includes determining to apply the inter-frequency biascompensation to the first measurement at the mobile device, itself.Thus, if so, process 300 (see FIG. 3) proceeds to process block 310,where the mobile device applies an inter-frequency bias compensation tothe first measurement to generate a compensated measurement. In oneexample, applying the inter-frequency bias compensation to the firstmeasurement at the mobile device includes determining a value of theinter-frequency bias compensation. In certain implementations a mobiledevice may include a calibration table or other mechanism correspondingto inter-frequency bias compensations for the first and secondfrequencies that may be applied on an RSTD determination made by themobile device at process block 310. In another implementation, themobile device may (dynamically) calculate an inter-frequency biascompensation at process block 310. That is, the mobile device maycorrect or otherwise adjust the first measurement for inter-frequencyrelated delays based on a calculated inter-frequency bias compensation,by performing an iterative procedure, such as equation 21, describedabove to provide an estimated position of the mobile device and theinter-frequency bias compensation. In certain example implementations,the mobile device may be optionally configured to store locally (i.e.,at the mobile device) one or more determined inter-frequency biascompensations for use in future RSTD measurements, e.g., to potentiallyenable the mobile device to update and maintain a more accuratecalibration table or other like capability over time.

In process block 312, the mobile device then sends the compensatedmeasurement to the server, where the server may determine a position ofthe mobile device based on the compensated measurement. Similar toprocess block 308, described above, the mobile device may send, inaddition to the compensated measurement, a second measurementdescription to the server. The second measurement description mayindicate, among other things, that the compensated measurement has beencompensated at the mobile device for the inter-frequency related delays(e.g., mobile device has applied an inter-frequency bias compensation tothe first measurement). In one embodiment, sending the secondmeasurement description to the server includes sending an LTEPositioning Protocol (LPP) message. The LPP message may include a flag,where the logic state of the flag indicates whether the correspondingfirst measurement has been compensated for the inter-frequency relateddelays. As will be described in more detail below, the server (e.g.,server 146) may then determine the position of the mobile device basedon the compensated measurement.

In certain aspects, the second measurement description may includefurther information to aide or otherwise be utilized by the server indetermining the position of the mobile device. For example, the secondmeasurement description may further include information indicating avalue of the inter-frequency bias compensation that was applied by themobile device to the first measurement in process block 310. In anotherimplementation, the second measurement description may further include atype of the inter-frequency bias compensation that was applied by themobile device to the first measurement in process block 310. By way ofexample, the second measurement description may indicate that theinter-frequency bias compensation applied by the mobile device was atype that was retrieved from a calibration table (discussed above), orwas of a type that was dynamically calculated (e.g., by way of equation21). In another implementation, the second measurement description mayfurther include a metric, determined by the mobile device, whichindicates a reliability or accuracy of the inter-frequency biascompensation applied to the first measurement in process block 310. Inyet another implementation, the second measurement description indicatesan age of the inter-frequency bias compensation that was applied by themobile device in process block 310. That is, the age may be indicativeof a time that the inter-frequency bias compensation was entered into acalibration table and/or a time that the inter-frequency biascompensation was dynamically calculated by the mobile device. In afurther implementation, the second measurement description may includeat least a portion of data used by the mobile device to perform thefirst measurement of the time difference of arrival. For example, theportion of data used, by the mobile device, to perform the firstmeasurement may include a time of arrival (e.g., timestamp) of the firstpositioning signal, and/or a time of arrival (e.g., timestamp) of thesecond positioning signal acquired in process block 302.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example process 500 for use by aserver (e.g., server 146), of determining a position of the mobiledevice, in accordance with an example implementation. At process block502, a server may obtain a first measurement of a time difference ofarrival between a first positioning signal and a second positioningsignal, as determined by a mobile device (e.g., mobile device 136 and/or200). As discussed above, the first positioning signal corresponds to apositioning signal 202 that was transmitted on a first frequency (e.g.,F1) and the second positioning signal corresponds to a positioningsignal 204 that was transmitted on a second frequency (e.g., F2) that isseparate and distinct from the first frequency (e.g., F1≠F2).

In process block 504, the server then obtains a measurement descriptionthat corresponds to the first measurement obtained in process block 502.The measurement description may indicate, among other things, whether ornot the first measurement has been compensated at the mobile device forthe inter-frequency related delays (e.g., whether the mobile device hasapplied an inter-frequency bias compensation to the first measurement).In one embodiment, obtaining the measurement description at the serverincludes receiving an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message. Asdiscussed above, the LPP message may include a flag, where the logicstate of the flag indicates whether the corresponding first measurementhas been compensated for the inter-frequency related delays. Thus,process block 506 includes determining whether the measurementdescription received at the server indicates that the first measurementhas been compensated, by the mobile device, for inter-frequency relateddelays corresponding to the first frequency (e.g., F1), the secondfrequency (e.g., F2), or both the first frequency and the secondfrequency.

If the measurement description obtained by the server in process block504 indicates that the first measurement has not been compensated by themobile device for the inter-frequency related delays, then process 500proceeds to process block 510, where the server determines a value of aninter-frequency bias compensation to be applied to the first measurementat the server, itself. In certain implementations a server may include acalibration table or other mechanism corresponding to inter-frequencybias compensations for the first and second frequencies that may beapplied on an RSTD determination (e.g., the first measurement) made bythe mobile device. For example, the server may recognize the particularmobile device via an International Mobile Station Equipment Identity(IMEI) or any other identity which uniquely identifies the mobiledevice's hardware, which may be included in the measurement descriptionor otherwise provided by the mobile device to the server. The locationserver may have previously determined the inter-frequency biascompensation value for this particular mobile device and may have storedthis value in a calibration table at the server. In anotherimplementation, the server may (dynamically) calculate aninter-frequency bias compensation at process block 510. That is, theserver may correct or otherwise adjust the first measurement forinter-frequency related delays based on a calculated inter-frequencybias compensation. Process 500 then proceeds to process block 512, wherethe server applies the inter-frequency bias compensation to the firstmeasurement to generate a compensated measurement and then determines aposition of the mobile device based on the compensated measurement(i.e., process block 514). In one embodiment, process blocks 510, 512,and 514, combined, are embodied by the iterative procedure describedabove with reference to equation 21 that provides the inter-frequencybias compensation as well as the position of the mobile device based onthe first (uncompensated) measurement.

Returning now to process block 506, if the measurement descriptionobtained by the server in process block 504 indicates that the firstmeasurement has been compensated by the mobile device for theinter-frequency related delays, then process 500 proceeds to processblock 508, where the server determines a position of the mobile devicebased on the first (compensated) measurement. Thus, in one example, theserver may determine the position of the mobile device based on thefirst (compensated) measurement without determining an inter-frequencybias compensation at the server.

However, in certain implementations, the server may decide to determinea new inter-frequency bias compensation at the server, even if themeasurement description indicates that the first measurement has alreadybeen compensated by the mobile device. For example, as mentioned above,the measurement description received by the server may includeadditional information, beyond just indicating whether the firstmeasurement has been compensated for the inter-frequency related delays.In certain implementations the measurement description may furtherinclude a type of the inter-frequency bias compensation that was appliedby the mobile device to the first measurement. By way of example, themeasurement description may indicate that the inter-frequency biascompensation applied by the mobile device was of a type that wasretrieved from a calibration table (discussed above), or was of a typethat was dynamically calculated (e.g., by way of equation 21). In thisexample, the server may decide to determine a new inter-frequency biascompensation if the measurement description indicates that theinter-frequency bias compensation applied by the mobile device was ofthe type retrieved from a calibration table, but may decide to notdetermine a new inter-frequency bias compensation if the mobile deviceapplied inter-frequency bias compensation was of the type dynamicallycalculated by the mobile device.

In another implementation, the measurement description may furtherinclude a metric, determined by the mobile device, which indicates areliability or accuracy of the inter-frequency bias compensation appliedto the first measurement by the mobile device. In this example, theserver may decide to determine a new inter-frequency bias compensationif the metric indicates that the reliability or accuracy ofinter-frequency bias compensation applied by the mobile device is belowa reliability/accuracy threshold, but not if the metric is at or abovethe reliability/accuracy threshold.

In yet another implementation, the measurement description indicates anage of the inter-frequency bias compensation that was applied by themobile device. That is, the age may be indicative of a time that theinter-frequency bias compensation was entered into a calibration tableat the mobile device and/or a time that the inter-frequency biascompensation was dynamically calculated by the mobile device. In thisexample, the server may decide to determine a new inter-frequency biascompensation if the age of inter-frequency bias compensation applied bythe mobile device is greater than an age threshold (indicating that theinter-frequency bias compensation may be stale), but not if the age isless than the age threshold (indicating that the inter-frequency biascompensation is likely fresh). In another example, the server maycompare the age of the inter-frequency bias compensation applied by themobile device with an age of an inter-frequency bias compensationpreviously determined by the server, where the server may apply the morerecent of the two inter-frequency bias compensations.

In a further implementation, the measurement description may include atleast a portion of data used by the mobile device to perform the firstmeasurement of the time difference of arrival. For example, the portionof data used, by the mobile device, to perform the first measurement mayinclude a time of arrival (e.g., timestamp) of the first positioningsignal, and/or a time of arrival (e.g., timestamp) of the secondpositioning signal acquired by the mobile device. Thus, process blocks508 and/or 514, of determining the position of the mobile device, mayinclude determining the RSTD calculation at the server, based on thedata included in the measurement description.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example process 600 for use by aserver of determining a position of the mobile device that includesdetermining a new inter-frequency bias compensation by the server, inaccordance with an example implementation. In other words, a server, inaccordance with the teachings herein, may reverse or otherwise negate aninter-frequency bias compensation applied by the mobile device. Asdescribed above, in some implementations, the decision to determine anew inter-frequency bias compensation may be based on informationincluded in the received measurement description. Furthermore, thedetermination of a value of the new inter-frequency bias compensationmay be based, at least in part on information included in themeasurement description. Thus, process 600 is one possibleimplementation of process block 508 of FIG. 5.

In process block 602, the server may determine a new inter-frequencybias compensation for compensating for inter-frequency related delayscorresponding to the first frequency, the second frequency, or both thefirst and second frequency of the positioning signals used by the mobiledevice is performing the OTDOA measurements. In certain implementations,the new inter-frequency bias compensation may be determined by theserver by way of a look-up table and/or may be dynamically calculated atthe server by way of an algorithm/equation, such as the iterativeprocedure described above with reference to equation 21. Next, inprocess block 604, the server negates the inter-frequency biascompensation that was applied by the mobile device to the firstmeasurement in order to generate an uncompensated measurement. Forexample, if a mobile device provides the value of the appliedinter-frequency bias compensation used for compensating a determinedOTDOA measurement, the server may reverse this compensation to obtainuncompensated OTDOA measurements, and then apply the procedure as if themobile device would have provided uncompensated OTDOA measurements. Byway of example, the measurement description received at the server inprocess block 504 may further include information indicating a value ofthe inter-frequency bias compensation that was applied by the mobiledevice to the first measurement. Thus, the server may utilize this valueprovided in the measurement description to remove the inter-frequencybias compensation that was applied by the mobile device to generate theuncompensated measurement. Next, in process block 606, the serverapplies the new inter-frequency bias compensation to the uncompensatedmeasurement, such that the server may determine the position of themobile device.

In one aspect, process blocks 602, 604, and 606, combined, may beembodied by the iterative procedure described above with reference toequation 21 that provides the inter-frequency bias compensation as wellas the position of the mobile device based on a compensated firstmeasurement. Thus, in one example, the server does not need to reverseany inter-frequency bias compensation made by the mobile device.Utilizing the iterative procedure of equation 21, the server calculationwould provide a new inter-frequency bias compensation between the firstand second positioning signals, whatever this bias is (e.g., the newinter-frequency bias compensation is calculated to compensate for boththe mobile device applied inter-frequency bias compensation plus theactual inter-frequency bias).

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating message flow for use, at least in part,in determining a position of a mobile device (e.g., such as mobiledevice 136 in FIG. 1). The example message flow illustrated in FIG. 7corresponds to the processes 300, 400, 500, and 600 for FIGS. 3, 4, 5,and 6, respectively. As shown, the message flow illustrated in FIG. 7includes the example feature of the location server 704 indicating tothe mobile device 702 whether the location server 704 has a capabilityof compensating, at the location server 704, measurements ofinter-frequency related delays. For example, if location server 704 isconfigured to perform a process of determining the inter-frequency biascompensation, location server 704 may indicate such to the mobile device702 via a message, such as an LPPe PROVIDE CAPABILITIES message 706.However, in certain other implementations, location server 704 may notneed to indicate such capabilities to mobile device 702. That is, mobiledevice 702 may perform either compensated or uncompensated RSTDmeasurements, for example, possibly based on certain indicated oralready known capabilities of location server 704. That is, if locationserver 704 has a capability to determine inter-frequency biascompensation, then mobile device 702 may determine applicable OTDOAmeasurements and possibly indicate such in a resultant measurementdescription 712 sent to location server 704. Other already availablecapabilities may also be indicated in the LPPe PROVIDE CAPABILITIESmessage 706, such as, for example, whether the location server 704supports OTDOA positioning, GNSS, assistance data, etc. For example, inone implementation, mobile device 702 would not need to request GNSSassistance data if the location server 704 does not support GNSS.

In one example, location server 704 provides the LPPe PROVIDECAPABILITIES message 706 when the location server 704 starts a locationsession. In certain operations, the location server 704 may receive arequest for the mobile device position (i.e., location) from anotherentity (e.g., from an emergency center (PSAP)) and in response theretoinitiate a location session by sending the LPPe PROVIDE CAPABILITIESmessage 706 to the mobile device 702.

Also shown in FIG. 7, is the location server 704 sending an LPP PROVIDEASSISTANCE DATA message 708 to the mobile device 702. The LPP PROVIDEASSISTANCE DATA message 708 may include relevant information (e.g.,carrier frequencies) of the positioning signals that are to be used bythe mobile device for determining one or more OTDOA measurements. Thus,in one example, the LPP PROVIDE ASSISTANCE DATA message 708 maycorrespond to (first) positioning signal 202 transmitted by a (firstcell) base station 206 and to a (second) positioning signal 204transmitted by a (second cell) base station 208, where the firstpositioning signal is transmitted on a first frequency (e.g., F1) andthe second positioning signal is transmitted on a second frequency(e.g., F2) that is separate and distinct from the first frequency (e.g.,F1≠F2).

In certain implementations, the LPP PROVIDE ASSISTANCE DATA message 708may include one or more of a neighbor cell list the mobile device 702should use for the RSTD measurements, and information required to enablethe mobile device 702 to make the measurements (e.g., the carrierfrequency, bandwidth, the cell ID, the PRS configuration information,and/or a search window (which tells the mobile device 702 in which timeinterval the mobile device is expected to measure the RSTD)).

Also shown in FIG. 7, is the location server 704 sending an LPP REQUESTLOCATION INFORMATION message 710 to the mobile device 702. The LPPREQUEST LOCATION INFORMATION message 710 requests RSTD measurements fromthe mobile device 702, and may also specify a response time (i.e., whenthe mobile device 702 should report the measurements, or in other words,how long the mobile device 702 has to make the measurements).

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an example of mobile device 800 configuredto perform or otherwise support any of the example applicable techniquesdescribed herein. Additionally, mobile device 800 is one possibleimplementation of mobile device 136 of FIG. 1, mobile device 200 of FIG.2, or mobile device 702 of FIG. 7.

One or more transceivers 870 may be configured to modulate an RF carriersignal with baseband information, such as voice or data, onto an RFcarrier, and demodulate a modulated RF carrier to obtain such basebandinformation. An antenna 872 may be configured to transmit a modulated RFcarrier over a wireless communication link and receive a modulated RFcarrier over a wireless communication link. In one embodiment, antenna872 may be configured to transmit cellular timing information and/orassistance data requests to a base station (e.g., base station 140-4 ofFIG. 1) and receive assistance data from a base station.

A baseband processor 860 may be configured to provide basebandinformation from a central processing unit (CPU) 820 to the transceiver870 for transmission over a wireless communication link. Here, the CPU820 may obtain such baseband information from an input device within auser interface 810. The baseband processor 860 may also be configured toprovide baseband information from the transceiver 870 to the CPU 820 fortransmission through an output device within the user interface 810.

The user interface 810 may comprise one or more devices for inputting oroutputting user information such as voice or data. Such devices mayinclude, by way of non-limiting examples, a keyboard, a display screen,a microphone, and a speaker.

A receiver 880 may be configured to receive and demodulate transmissionsfrom an SPS via one or more antennas 882 and 884, and providedemodulated information to correlator 840. Correlator 840 may beconfigured to derive correlation functions from the information providedby receiver 880. Correlator 840 may be configured to derivepilot-related correlation functions from information relating to pilotsignals provided by the transceiver 870. This information may be used bythe mobile device to acquire wireless communication services. A channeldecoder 850 may be configured to decode channel symbols received frombaseband processor 860 into underlying source bits. In one example,where channel symbols comprise convolutionally encoded symbols, channeldecoder 850 may comprise a Viterbi decoder. In a second example, wherechannel symbols comprise serial or parallel concatenations ofconvolutional codes, channel decoder 850 may comprise a turbo decoder.

A memory 830 may be configured to store machine-readable instructionswhich are executable to perform one or more of processes,implementations, or examples thereof which are described or suggestedherein. The CPU 820 and/or the baseband processor 860 may be configuredto access and execute such machine-readable instructions.

Mobile device 800 may include a position determination unit 825 that maybe configured to perform positioning signal measurements and/orassistance data processing. In one example, the position determinationunit 825 may be configured to generate assistance data requests and toinitiate transmission of such request(s) to a base station via thetransceiver 870. In another example, position determination unit 825 mayprocess assistance data received via transceiver 870. In yet anotherexample position determination unit 825 may perform measurements ofpositioning signals with or without inter-frequency bias compensation.Position determination unit 825 and the baseband processor 860 areillustrated separately for clarity, but may be a single unit. Indeed, itshould be clear that, in certain implementations, all or part of one ormore of the example features illustrated in FIG. 8 may be combined orotherwise share common components, etc.

The CPU 820, as well as one or more of position determination unit 825,correlator 840, channel decoder 850, and baseband processor 860 can, butneed not necessarily include, one or more microprocessors, embeddedprocessors, controllers, application specific integrated circuits(ASICs), advanced digital signal processors (ADSPs), and the like. Theterm processor describes the functions implemented by the system ratherthan specific hardware. Moreover, as used herein the term “memory”refers to any type of computer storage medium, including long term,short term, or other memory associated with mobile device 800, and isnot to be limited to any particular type of memory or number ofmemories, or type of media upon which memory is stored.

In various embodiments, the mobile device 800 may include means forassisting in the determination of a position of the mobile device 800.For example, the mobile device 800 may include means for acquiring afirst positioning signal transmitted at a first frequency and a secondpositioning signal transmitted at a second frequency (e.g., transceiver870); means for performing a first measurement of a time difference ofarrival between the first and second positioning signals (e.g., positiondetermination unit 825, etc.); and means for sending the firstmeasurement and a first measurement description to a server (e.g.,transceiver 870, CPU 820, position determination unit 825, and/or memory830).

FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram of a (location) server 900configurable to implement or otherwise support applicable variousexemplary techniques and/or processes are described herein. For example,server 900 may be configured to perform any of the processes describedin connection with the process 500 of FIG. 5 and the process 600 of FIG.6. Server 900 represents certain exemplary features that may be providedin a possible implementation of server 146 of FIG. 1 and/or locationserver 704 of FIG. 7.

In the illustrated example of FIG. 9, (location) server 900 may includea position determination unit 924. Position determination unit 924 mayprovide position determination services for a mobile device. Forexample, based on received cell timing information (e.g., firstmeasurement), measured by a mobile device (e.g., mobile device 136,800), position determination unit 924 may determine, at least in part,an estimated position of the mobile device, e.g., with reference to somecoordinate system, etc. In one example, position determination unit 924may use one or more determined OTDOA measurements received from a mobiledevice and which may not include inter-frequency bias compensation for adifference between the reference signal frequencies in order tocalculate the inter-frequency bias compensation and/or position. Asdescribed herein by way of various examples, position determination unit924 may correct or otherwise adjust such determined OTDOA measurement(s)for inter-frequency measurement bias for use in determining a positionof the mobile device.

Server 900 may include: one or more computing devices and/or platforms,such as, e.g., a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a workstation, aserver device, or the like; one or more personal computing orcommunication devices or appliances, such as, e.g., a personal digitalassistant, mobile communication device, or the like; a computing systemand/or associated service provider capability, such as, e.g., a databaseor data storage service provider/system, a network serviceprovider/system, an Internet or intranet service provider/system, aportal and/or search engine service provider/system, a wirelesscommunication service provider/system; and/or any combination thereof.

It should be recognized that all or part of the various devices andnetworks shown in the examples presented herein, and the processes andmethods as further described herein, may be implemented, at least inpart, using or otherwise including hardware and/or firmware, possibly incombination with software (implementable instructions, etc.).

Thus, by way of example but not limitation, server 900 may include atleast one processing unit 920 that is operatively coupled to a memory922 through a bus 928. Processing unit 920 may be representative of oneor more circuits configurable to perform at least a portion of a datacomputing procedure or process. By way of example but not limitation,processing unit 920 may include one or more processors, controllers,microprocessors, microcontrollers, application specific integratedcircuits, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, fieldprogrammable gate arrays, and the like, or any combination thereof. Inone embodiment, processing unit 920 alone, or possibly in combinationwith position determination unit 924, may be configured to generateassistance data and to make determinations as to a position of a mobiledevice, e.g., as described herein.

Memory 922 may be representative of any data storage mechanism. Memory922 may include, for example, a random access memory, read only memory,etc. While illustrated in this example as being separate from processingunit 920, it should be understood that all or part of memory 922 may beprovided within or otherwise co-located/coupled with processing unit920.

Memory 922 may include in certain instances, one or more data storagedevices or systems, such as, for example, a disk drive, an optical discdrive, a tape drive, a solid state memory drive, etc. In certainimplementations, memory 922 may be operatively receptive of, orotherwise configurable to couple to, a non-transitory computer-readablemedium 940. The non-transitory computer-readable medium 940 may include,for example, any medium that can carry and/or make accessible data,code, instructions, or some combination thereof for the server 900 orpossibly for mobile device 800 (FIG. 8). The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium 940 may also be referred to as a storagemedium.

By way of example but not limitation, communications interface 930 mayinclude a network interface device or card, a modem, a router, a switch,a transceiver, and the like. Server 900 may further include, forexample, an input/output 932. The input/output 932 may be representativeof one or more devices or features that may be configurable to accept orotherwise introduce human and/or machine inputs, and/or one or moredevices or features that may be configurable to deliver or otherwiseprovide for human and/or machine outputs. By way of example but notlimitation, the input/output 932 may include an operatively configureddisplay, speaker, keyboard, mouse, trackball, touch screen, data port,etc.

In various embodiments, server 900 may include means for assisting inthe determination of a position of a mobile device. For example, server900 may include means for obtaining a first measurement of a timedifference of arrival between a first positioning signal and a secondpositioning signal as determined by a mobile device (e.g.,communications interface 930, processing unit 920, positiondetermination unit 924, and/or memory 922). Server 900 may furtherinclude means for receiving a measurement description (e.g.,communications interface 930, processing unit 920, positiondetermination unit 924, and/or memory 922). Server 900 may also includemeans for determining an inter-frequency bias compensation (e.g.,position determination unit 924); means for applying the inter-frequencybias compensation to the first measurement (e.g., position determinationunit 924); and means for use in determining a position of the mobiledevice (e.g., position determination unit 924).

As described above with reference to process 400 of FIG. 4, in certainimplementations, the mobile device may be configured to receive amessage (e.g., LPP PROVIDE CAPABILITIES message 706) that indicateswhether or not the server (e.g., server 146) has the capability tocompensate measurements for the aforementioned inter-frequency relateddelays. However, in some other implementations the server may not needto indicate such capabilities to the mobile device. That is, in suchother implementations, the mobile device may perform uncompensated RSTDmeasurements, for example, based on already known capabilities of theserver. For example, mobile device 136, when operating in wirelesscommunication network 130, may be configured to assume that locationserver 146 includes the capability to compensate for inter-frequencyrelated delays without the need for additional signaling (e.g., LPPPROVIDE CAPABILITIES message 706) between the mobile device 136 andlocation server 146. By way of example, FIG. 10 is a flowchartillustrating an example process 1000 for use in a mobile device ofdetermining a position of the mobile device, in accordance with anexample implementation.

At process block 1002, a mobile device may acquire a first positioningsignal (e.g., positioning signal 202) and a second positioning signal(e.g., positioning signal 204). In one aspect, the mobile deviceacquires the first and second positioning signals in response toassistance data 102 provided by server 146. As described above, thefirst positioning signal is transmitted on a first frequency (e.g., F1)and the second positioning signal is transmitted on a second frequency(e.g., F2) that is separate and distinct from the first frequency (e.g.,F1≠F2).

At process block 1004, the mobile device may perform a measurement of atime difference of arrival of the pair of first and second positioningsignals. In one example, performing the measurement includes performingan Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) measurement of the firstand second positioning signals. At process block 1004, the measurementis uncompensated for any inter-frequency related delays (e.g., groupdelay) corresponding to the first frequency (e.g., F1), the secondfrequency (e.g., F2), or both the first and second frequencies (e.g., F1and F2). Thus, any initial RSTD determinations made by the mobile deviceat process block 1004 do not include inter-frequency bias compensationfor a difference between the first frequency of the first positioningsignal and the second frequency of the second positioning signal, andthus are not compensated for different group delays that may beencountered by the first and/or second positioning signals.

In process block 1006, the mobile device sends the measurement (i.e.,uncompensated) to the server. In one aspect, as shown in process block1006, the mobile device may send, in addition to the measurement, ameasurement description to the server. The measurement description mayindicate, among other things, that the measurement has not beencompensated at the mobile device for the inter-frequency related delays(e.g., mobile device has not applied an inter-frequency biascompensation to the measurement). In one embodiment, sending themeasurement description to the server includes sending an LTEPositioning Protocol (LPP) message. The LPP message may include a flag,where the logic state of the flag indicates that the correspondingmeasurement has not been compensated for the inter-frequency relateddelays. As described above, the server (e.g., server 146) may thendetermine the inter-frequency bias compensation of the measurement atthe server and determine, at least, the position of the mobile device.

In other example implementations a mobile device such as mobile device136, when operating in wireless communication network 130, may beconfigured to assume that location server 146 does not include thecapability to compensate for inter-frequency related delays and thusmobile device 136 may be configured to perform compensated RSTDmeasurements without the need for additional signaling (e.g., LPPPROVIDE CAPABILITIES message 706) between the mobile device 136 andlocation server 146. FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating such an exampleprocess 1100 for use in a mobile device of determining a position of themobile device, in accordance with an example implementation.

At process block 1102, a mobile device may acquire a first positioningsignal (e.g., positioning signal 202) and a second positioning signal(e.g., positioning signal 204). In one aspect, the mobile deviceacquires the first and second positioning signals in response toassistance data 102 provided by server 146, where the first positioningsignal is transmitted on a first frequency (e.g., F1) and the secondpositioning signal is transmitted on a second frequency (e.g., F2) thatis separate and distinct from the first frequency (e.g., F1≠F2).

At process block 1104, the mobile device may perform a measurement of atime difference of arrival of the pair of first and second positioningsignals. In one example, performing the measurement includes performingan Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) measurement of the firstand second positioning signals. At process block 1104, the firstmeasurement is uncompensated for any inter-frequency related delays(e.g., group delay) corresponding to the first frequency (e.g., F1), thesecond frequency (e.g., F2), or both the first and second frequencies(e.g., F1 and F2). Thus, any initial RSTD determinations made by themobile device at process block 1104 do not include inter-frequency biascompensation for a difference between the first frequency of the firstpositioning signal and the second frequency of the second positioningsignal, and thus are not compensated for different group delays that maybe encountered by the first and/or second positioning signals.

In process block 1106, the mobile device applies an inter-frequency biascompensation to the measurement to generate a compensated measurement.In one example, applying the inter-frequency bias compensation to themeasurement at the mobile device includes determining a value of theinter-frequency bias compensation. In certain implementations a mobiledevice may include a calibration table or other mechanism correspondingto inter-frequency bias compensations for the first and secondfrequencies that may be applied on an RSTD determination made by themobile device at process block 1106. In another implementation, themobile device may (dynamically) calculate an inter-frequency biascompensation at process block 1106. That is, the mobile device maycorrect or otherwise adjust the measurement for inter-frequency relateddelays based on a calculated inter-frequency bias compensation, byperforming an iterative procedure, such as equation 21, described aboveto provide an estimated position of the mobile device and theinter-frequency bias compensation. In certain example implementations,the mobile device may be optionally configured to store locally (i.e.,at the mobile device) one or more determined inter-frequency biascompensations for use in future RSTD measurements, e.g., to potentiallyenable the mobile device to update and maintain a more accuratecalibration table or other like capability over time.

In process block 1108, the mobile device then sends the compensatedmeasurement to the server, where the server may determine a position ofthe mobile device based on the compensated measurement. The mobiledevice may also send, in addition to the compensated measurement, ameasurement description to the server. The measurement description ofprocess block 1108 may indicate, among other things, that thecompensated measurement has been compensated at the mobile device forthe inter-frequency related delays (e.g., mobile device has applied aninter-frequency bias compensation to the first measurement). In oneembodiment, sending the measurement description to the server includessending an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message. The LPP message mayinclude a flag, where the logic state of the flag indicates that thecorresponding measurement has been compensated for the inter-frequencyrelated delays. As described above, the server (e.g., server 146) maythen determine the position of the mobile device based on thecompensated measurement.

Similar to certain aspects described above, the measurement descriptionsent in process block 1108 may include further information to aide orotherwise be utilized by the server in determining the position of themobile device. For example, the measurement description may furtherinclude information indicating a value of the inter-frequency biascompensation that was applied by the mobile device to the measurement inprocess block 1106. In another implementation, the measurementdescription may further include a type of the inter-frequency biascompensation that was applied by the mobile device to the measurement inprocess block 1106. By way of example, the measurement description mayindicate that the inter-frequency bias compensation applied by themobile device was of a type that was retrieved from a calibration table(discussed above), or was of a type that was dynamically calculated(e.g., by way of equation 21). In another implementation, themeasurement description may further include a metric, determined by themobile device, which indicates a reliability or accuracy of theinter-frequency bias compensation applied to the measurement in processblock 1106. In yet another implementation, the measurement descriptionindicates an age of the inter-frequency bias compensation that wasapplied by the mobile device in process block 1106. That is, the age maybe indicative of a time that the inter-frequency bias compensation wasentered into a calibration table and/or a time that the inter-frequencybias compensation was dynamically calculated by the mobile device. In afurther implementation, the measurement description may include at leasta portion of data used by the mobile device to perform the measurementof the time difference of arrival. For example, the portion of dataused, by the mobile device, to perform the measurement may include atime of arrival (e.g., timestamp) of the first positioning signal,and/or a time of arrival (e.g., timestamp) of the second positioningsignal acquired in process block 302.

Those of skill in the art will appreciate that information and signalsmay be represented using any of a variety of different technologies andtechniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information,signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout theabove description may be represented by voltages, currents,electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields orparticles, or any combination thereof.

Further, those of skill in the art will appreciate that the variousillustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm stepsdescribed in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may beimplemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinationsof both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware andsoftware, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits,and steps have been described above generally in terms of theirfunctionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware,firmware, or software in combination with hardware and/or firmwaredepends upon the particular application and design constraints imposedon the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the describedfunctionality in varying ways for each particular application, but suchimplementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing adeparture from the scope of the present description.

While the foregoing disclosure shows illustrative embodiments, it shouldbe noted that various changes and modifications could be made hereinwithout departing from the scope of the currently claimed subjectmatter. The functions, steps and/or actions of the method claims inaccordance with the embodiments described herein need not be performedin any particular order. Furthermore, although elements may be describedor claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitationto the singular is explicitly stated.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for use in a mobile device, the methodcomprising, at the mobile device: acquiring a first positioning signaltransmitted at a first frequency and a second positioning signaltransmitted at a second frequency that is different than the firstfrequency; performing a first measurement of a time difference ofarrival between the first positioning signal and the second positioningsignal; and in response to a determination, at the mobile device, to notapply an inter-frequency bias compensation to the first measurement forinter-frequency related delays corresponding to the first frequency, thesecond frequency, or both the first frequency and the second frequency:sending the first measurement and a first measurement description to aserver to determine a position of the mobile device, wherein the firstmeasurement description indicates that the first measurement has notbeen compensated, at the mobile device, for the inter-frequency relateddelays.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: in response to adetermination, at the mobile device, to apply the inter-frequency biascompensation to the first measurement for inter-frequency related delayscorresponding to the first frequency, the second frequency, or both thefirst frequency and the second frequency: applying the inter-frequencybias compensation to the first measurement to generate a compensatedmeasurement; and sending the compensated measurement and a secondmeasurement description to the server to determine the position of themobile device, wherein the second measurement description indicates thatthe compensated measurement has been compensated, at the mobile device,for the inter-frequency related delays.
 3. The method of claim 2,further comprising: receiving a message from the server indicatingwhether the server includes a capability to compensate, at the server,measurements for the inter-frequency related delays; determining toapply the inter-frequency bias compensation to the first measurement, atthe mobile device, in response to the message indicating that the serverdoes not include the capability to compensate measurements at the serverfor the inter-frequency related delays; and determining to not apply theinter-frequency bias compensation to the first measurement, at themobile device, in response to the message indicating the server doesinclude the capability to compensate measurements at the server for theinter-frequency related delays.
 4. The method of claim 3, whereinreceiving the message from the server comprises receiving an LTEPositioning Protocol (LPP) message from the server.
 5. The method ofclaim 2, further comprising: determining the inter-frequency biascompensation, at the mobile device, for the first measurement inresponse to the determination to apply the inter-frequency biascompensation.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining theinter-frequency bias compensation comprises dynamically calculating, atthe mobile device, the inter-frequency bias compensation.
 7. The methodof claim 6, wherein dynamically calculating, at the mobile device,comprises performing an iterative procedure that provides the positionof the mobile device and the inter-frequency bias compensation.
 8. Themethod of claim 5, wherein the second measurement description furtherincludes information indicating at least one of: a value of theinter-frequency bias compensation that is applied, by the mobile device,to the first measurement, a type of the inter-frequency biascompensation that was applied by the mobile device, a metric, determinedby the mobile device, indicating a reliability or accuracy of theinter-frequency bias compensation applied by the mobile device, an ageof the inter-frequency bias compensation applied by the mobile device,or at least a portion of data used, by the mobile device, to perform thefirst measurement of the time difference of arrival.
 9. The method ofclaim 8, where the portion of data used, by the mobile device, toperform the first measurement of the time difference of arrival includesat least one of a time of arrival of the first positioning signal, and atime of arrival of the second positioning signal.
 10. The method ofclaim 1, wherein performing the first measurement comprises performingan Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) measurement of the firstand second positioning signals.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein theserver comprises a location server within a wireless communicationnetwork.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein sending the firstmeasurement description to the server further comprises: sending an LTEPositioning Protocol (LPP) message to the server.
 13. The method ofclaim 12, wherein sending the LPP message to the server includescontrolling a logic state of a flag in the LPP message to indicate thatthe first measurement has not been compensated for the inter-frequencyrelated delays.
 14. A method for use in a server comprising a computingplatform, the method comprising, at the computing platform: obtaining afirst measurement of a time difference of arrival between a firstpositioning signal and a second positioning signal as determined by amobile device, the first positioning signal having been transmitted at afirst frequency and the second positioning signal having beentransmitted at a second frequency that is different than the firstfrequency; obtaining a measurement description from the mobile device;in response to a determination that the measurement descriptionindicates that the first measurement has not been compensated, by themobile device, for inter-frequency related delays corresponding to thefirst frequency, the second frequency, or both the first frequency andthe second frequency: determining an inter-frequency bias compensationfor the inter-frequency related delays corresponding to the firstmeasurement; applying the inter-frequency bias compensation to the firstmeasurement to generate a compensated measurement; and determining, atleast in part, a position of the mobile device based, at least in part,on the compensated measurement.
 15. The method of claim 14, furthercomprising sending a message to the mobile device indicating whether theserver includes a capability to compensate, at the server, measurementsfor the inter-frequency related delays.
 16. The method of claim 15,wherein sending the message to the mobile device comprises sending anLTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message to the mobile device.
 17. Themethod of claim 14, wherein determining the inter-frequency biascompensation comprises dynamically calculating, at the computingplatform, the inter-frequency bias compensation.
 18. The method of claim17, wherein dynamically calculating, at the computing platform,comprises performing an iterative procedure that provides the positionof the mobile device and the inter-frequency bias compensation.
 19. Themethod of claim 14, further comprising: in response to a determinationthat the measurement description indicates that the first measurementhas been compensated, by the mobile device, for the inter-frequencyrelated delays corresponding to the first frequency, the secondfrequency, or both the first frequency and the second frequency:determining, at least in part, the position of the mobile device based,at least in part, on the first measurement.
 20. The method of claim 19,wherein determining, at least in part, the position of the mobile devicebased, at least in part, on the first measurement, further comprises:determining a new inter-frequency bias compensation for theinter-frequency related delays corresponding to the first measurement;negating an inter-frequency bias compensation applied by the mobiledevice to the first measurement to generate an uncompensatedmeasurement; and applying the new inter-frequency bias compensation tothe uncompensated measurement.
 21. The method of claim 20, wherein themeasurement description further indicates a value of the inter-frequencybias compensation that was applied by the mobile device to the firstmeasurement, wherein negating the inter-frequency bias compensationapplied by the mobile device is based on the value of theinter-frequency bias compensation indicated in the measurementdescription.
 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the measurementdescription further includes information indicating at least one of: atype of the inter-frequency bias compensation that was applied by themobile device, a metric, determined by the mobile device, indicating areliability or accuracy of the inter-frequency bias compensation appliedby the mobile device, or an age of the inter-frequency bias compensationapplied by the mobile device, wherein the method further comprisesdetermining whether or not to determine the new inter-frequency biascompensation, at the computing platform, based on the informationincluded in the measurement description.
 23. The method of claim 14,wherein the measurement description further includes at least a portionof data used, by the mobile device, to perform the first measurement ofthe time difference of arrival, wherein determining the inter-frequencybias compensation for the inter-frequency related delays is based on thedata used by the mobile device, as indicated in the measurementdescription.
 24. The method of claim 14, wherein obtaining themeasurement description from the mobile device further comprises:receiving an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message from the mobiledevice.
 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the LPP message receivedfrom the mobile device includes a flag in the LPP message, wherein alogic state of the flag indicates whether or not the first measurementhas been compensated for the inter-frequency related delays.
 26. Themethod of claim 14, wherein the first measurement of the time differenceof arrival between the first positioning signal and the secondpositioning signal comprises an Observed Time Difference of Arrival(OTDOA) measurement between the first positioning signal and the secondpositioning signal.
 27. A mobile device for assisting in thedetermination of a position of the mobile device in a wirelesscommunication network, the mobile device comprising: memory adapted tostore program code; and a processing unit coupled to the memory toaccess and execute instructions included in the program code to directthe mobile device to: acquire a first positioning signal transmitted ata first frequency and a second positioning signal transmitted at asecond frequency that is different than the first frequency; perform afirst measurement of a time difference of arrival between the firstpositioning signal and the second positioning signal; and in response toa determination, at the mobile device, to not apply an inter-frequencybias compensation to the first measurement for inter-frequency relateddelays corresponding to the first frequency, the second frequency, orboth the first frequency and the second frequency: send the firstmeasurement and a first measurement description to a server to determinethe position of the mobile device, wherein the first measurementdescription indicates that the first measurement has not beencompensated, at the mobile device, for the inter-frequency relateddelays.
 28. The mobile device of claim 27, wherein the program codefurther comprises instructions to direct the mobile device to: inresponse to a determination, at the mobile device, to apply theinter-frequency bias compensation to the first measurement forinter-frequency related delays corresponding to the first frequency, thesecond frequency, or both the first frequency and the second frequency:apply the inter-frequency bias compensation to the first measurement togenerate a compensated measurement; and send the compensated measurementand a second measurement description to the server to determine theposition of the mobile device, wherein the second measurementdescription indicates that the compensated measurement has beencompensated, at the mobile device, for the inter-frequency relateddelays.
 29. The mobile device of claim 28, wherein the program codefurther comprises instructions to: receive a message from the serverindicating whether the server includes a capability to compensate, atthe server, measurements for the inter-frequency related delays;determine to apply the inter-frequency bias compensation to the firstmeasurement, at the mobile device, in response to the message indicatingthat the server does not include the capability to compensatemeasurements at the server for the inter-frequency related delays; anddetermine to not apply the inter-frequency bias compensation to thefirst measurement, at the mobile device, in response to the messageindicating the server does include the capability to compensatemeasurements at the server for the inter-frequency related delays. 30.The mobile device of claim 29, wherein the instructions to receive themessage from the server comprises instructions to receive an LTEPositioning Protocol (LPP) message from the server.
 31. The mobiledevice of claim 29, wherein the program code further comprisesinstructions to determine the inter-frequency bias compensation, at themobile device, for the first measurement in response to thedetermination to apply the inter-frequency bias compensation.
 32. Themobile device of claim 31, wherein the instructions to determine theinter-frequency bias compensation comprises instructions to dynamicallycalculate, at the mobile device, the inter-frequency bias compensation.33. The mobile device of claim 32, wherein the instructions todynamically calculate, at the mobile device, comprises instructions toperform an iterative procedure that provides the position of the mobiledevice and the inter-frequency bias compensation.
 34. The mobile deviceof claim 27, wherein the instructions to send the first measurementdescription to the server further comprises instructions to send an LTEPositioning Protocol (LPP) message to the server.
 35. The mobile deviceof claim 34, wherein the instructions to send the LPP message to theserver includes instructions to control a logic state of a flag in theLPP message to indicate that the first measurement has not beencompensated for the inter-frequency related delays.
 36. A server forassisting in the determination of a position of a mobile device in awireless communication network, the server comprising: memory adapted tostore program code; and a processing unit coupled to the memory toaccess and execute instructions included in the program code to directthe server to: obtain a first measurement of a time difference ofarrival between a first positioning signal and a second positioningsignal as determined by the mobile device, the first positioning signalhaving been transmitted at a first frequency and the second positioningsignal having been transmitted at a second frequency that is differentthan the first frequency; obtain a measurement description from themobile device; in response to a determination that the measurementdescription indicates that the first measurement has not beencompensated, by the mobile device, for inter-frequency related delayscorresponding to the first frequency, the second frequency, or both thefirst frequency and the second frequency: determine an inter-frequencybias compensation for the inter-frequency related delays correspondingto the first measurement; apply the inter-frequency bias compensation tothe first measurement to generate a compensated measurement; anddetermine, at least in part, the position of the mobile device based, atleast in part, on the compensated measurement.
 37. The server of claim36, wherein the program code further comprises instructions to send amessage to the mobile device indicating whether the server includes acapability to compensate, at the server, measurements for theinter-frequency related delays.
 38. The server of claim 37, wherein theinstructions to send the message to the mobile device comprisesinstructions to send an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message to themobile device.
 39. The server of claim 36, wherein the instructions todetermine the inter-frequency bias compensation comprises instructionsto dynamically calculate, at the server, the inter-frequency biascompensation.
 40. The server of claim 39, wherein the instructions todynamically calculate, at the server, comprises instructions to performan iterative procedure that provides the position of the mobile deviceand the inter-frequency bias compensation.
 41. The server of claim 36,wherein the program code further comprises instructions to: in responseto a determination that the measurement description indicates that thefirst measurement has been compensated, by the mobile device, for theinter-frequency related delays corresponding to the first frequency, thesecond frequency, or both the first frequency and the second frequency:determine, at least in part, the position of the mobile device based, atleast in part, on the first measurement.
 42. The server of claim 41,wherein the instructions to determine, at least in part, the position ofthe mobile device based, at least in part, on the first measurement,further comprises instructions to: determine a new inter-frequency biascompensation for the inter-frequency related delays corresponding to thefirst measurement; negate an inter-frequency bias compensation appliedby the mobile device to the first measurement to generate anuncompensated measurement; and apply the new inter-frequency biascompensation to the uncompensated measurement.
 43. The server of claim42, wherein the measurement description further indicates a value of theinter-frequency bias compensation that was applied by the mobile deviceto the first measurement, wherein the instructions to negate theinter-frequency bias compensation applied by the mobile device compriseinstructions to negate the inter-frequency bias compensation based onthe value of the inter-frequency bias compensation indicated in themeasurement description.
 44. The server of claim 42, wherein themeasurement description further includes information indicating at leastone of: a type of the inter-frequency bias compensation that was appliedby the mobile device, a metric, determined by the mobile device,indicating a reliability or accuracy of the inter-frequency biascompensation applied by the mobile device, or an age of theinter-frequency bias compensation applied by the mobile device, whereinthe program code further comprises instructions to determine whether ornot to determine the new inter-frequency bias compensation at thecomputing platform based on the information included in the measurementdescription.
 45. The server of claim 36, wherein the instructions toobtain the measurement description from the mobile device furthercomprises instructions to receive an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)message from the mobile device.
 46. The server of claim 45, wherein theLPP message received from the mobile device includes a flag in the LPPmessage, wherein a logic state of the flag indicates whether or not thefirst measurement has been compensated for the inter-frequency relateddelays.
 47. A mobile device for assisting in the determination of aposition of the mobile device in a wireless communication network, themobile device comprising: means for acquiring a first positioning signaltransmitted at a first frequency and a second positioning signaltransmitted at a second frequency that is different than the firstfrequency; means for performing a first measurement of a time differenceof arrival between the first positioning signal and the secondpositioning signal; and means for sending the first measurement and afirst measurement description to a server to determine the position ofthe mobile device in response to a determination, at the mobile device,to not apply an inter-frequency bias compensation to the firstmeasurement for inter-frequency related delays corresponding to thefirst frequency, the second frequency, or both the first frequency andthe second frequency, wherein the first measurement descriptionindicates that the first measurement has not been compensated, at themobile device, for the inter-frequency related delays.
 48. The mobiledevice of claim 47, further comprising: means for applying theinter-frequency bias compensation to the first measurement to generate acompensated measurement in response to a determination, at the mobiledevice, to apply the inter-frequency bias compensation to the firstmeasurement for inter-frequency related delays corresponding to thefirst frequency, the second frequency, or both the first frequency andthe second frequency; and means for sending the compensated measurementand a second measurement description to the server to determine theposition of the mobile device in response to the determination to applythe inter-frequency bias compensation to the first measurement, whereinthe second measurement description indicates that the compensatedmeasurement has been compensated, at the mobile device, for theinter-frequency related delays.
 49. The mobile device of claim 48,further comprising: means for receiving a message from the serverindicating whether the server includes a capability to compensate, atthe server, measurements for the inter-frequency related delays; meansfor determining to apply the inter-frequency bias compensation to thefirst measurement, at the mobile device, in response to the messageindicating that the server does not include the capability to compensatemeasurements at the server for the inter-frequency related delays; andmeans for determining to not apply the inter-frequency bias compensationto the first measurement, at the mobile device, in response to themessage indicating the server does include the capability to compensatemeasurements at the server for the inter-frequency related delays.
 50. Aserver for assisting in the determination of a position of a mobiledevice in a wireless communication network, the server comprising: meansfor obtaining a first measurement of a time difference of arrivalbetween a first positioning signal and a second positioning signal asdetermined by the mobile device, the first positioning signal havingbeen transmitted at a first frequency and the second positioning signalhaving been transmitted at a second frequency that is different than thefirst frequency; means for obtaining a measurement description from themobile device; means for determining an inter-frequency biascompensation for inter-frequency related delays corresponding to thefirst frequency, the second frequency, or both the first frequency andthe second frequency in response to a determination that the measurementdescription indicates that the first measurement has not beencompensated, by the mobile device, for the inter-frequency relateddelays; means for applying the inter-frequency bias compensation to thefirst measurement to generate a compensated measurement in response tothe determination that the measurement description indicates that thefirst measurement has not been compensated; and means for determining,at least in part, the position of the mobile device based, at least inpart, on the compensated measurement in response to the determinationthat the measurement description indicates that the first measurementhas not been compensated.
 51. The server of claim 50, further comprisingmeans for sending a message to the mobile device indicating whether theserver includes a capability to compensate, at the server, measurementsfor the inter-frequency related delays.
 52. The server of claim 50,further comprising: means for determining, at least in part, theposition of the mobile device based, at least in part, on the firstmeasurement in response to a determination that the measurementdescription indicates that the first measurement has been compensated,by the mobile device, for the inter-frequency related delayscorresponding to the first frequency, the second frequency, or both thefirst frequency and the second frequency.
 53. The server of claim 52,wherein the means for determining, at least in part, the position of themobile device based, at least in part, on the first measurement, furthercomprises: means for determining a new inter-frequency bias compensationfor the inter-frequency related delays corresponding to the firstmeasurement; means for negating an inter-frequency bias compensationapplied by the mobile device to the first measurement to generate anuncompensated measurement; and means for applying the newinter-frequency bias compensation to the uncompensated measurement. 54.The server of claim 50, wherein the means for obtaining the measurementdescription from the mobile device further comprises: means forreceiving an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message from the mobiledevice.
 55. A non-transitory computer-readable medium including programcode stored thereon for use in determining a position of a mobile devicein a wireless communication network, the program code comprisinginstructions to: acquire a first positioning signal transmitted at afirst frequency and a second positioning signal transmitted at a secondfrequency that is different than the first frequency; perform a firstmeasurement of a time difference of arrival between the firstpositioning signal and the second positioning signal; and in response toa determination, at the mobile device, to not apply an inter-frequencybias compensation to the first measurement for inter-frequency relateddelays corresponding to the first frequency, the second frequency, orboth the first frequency and the second frequency: send the firstmeasurement and a first measurement description to a server to determinethe position of the mobile device, wherein the first measurementdescription indicates that the first measurement has not beencompensated, at the mobile device, for the inter-frequency relateddelays.
 56. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 55,wherein the program code further comprises instructions to: in responseto a determination, at the mobile device, to apply the inter-frequencybias compensation to the first measurement for the inter-frequencyrelated delays corresponding to the first frequency, the secondfrequency, or both the first frequency and the second frequency: applythe inter-frequency bias compensation to the first measurement togenerate a compensated measurement; and send the compensated measurementand a second measurement description to the server to determine theposition of the mobile device, wherein the second measurementdescription indicates that the compensated measurement has beencompensated, at the mobile device, for the inter-frequency relateddelays.
 57. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 56,wherein the program code further comprises instructions to: receive amessage from the server indicating whether the server includes acapability to compensate, at the server, measurements for theinter-frequency related delays; determine to apply the inter-frequencybias compensation to the first measurement, at the mobile device, inresponse to the message indicating that the server does not include thecapability to compensate measurements at the server for theinter-frequency related delays; and determine to not apply theinter-frequency bias compensation to the first measurement, at themobile device, in response to the message indicating the server doesinclude the capability to compensate measurements at the server for theinter-frequency related delays.
 58. A non-transitory computer-readablemedium including program code stored thereon for use in determining aposition of a mobile device in a wireless communication network, theprogram code comprising instructions to: obtain, at a server, a firstmeasurement of a time difference of arrival between a first positioningsignal and a second positioning signal as determined by the mobiledevice, the first positioning signal having been transmitted at a firstfrequency and the second positioning signal having been transmitted at asecond frequency that is different than the first frequency; obtain, atthe server, a measurement description from the mobile device; inresponse to a determination that the measurement description indicatesthat the first measurement has not been compensated, by the mobiledevice, for inter-frequency related delays corresponding to the firstfrequency, the second frequency, or both the first frequency and thesecond frequency: determine an inter-frequency bias compensation for theinter-frequency related delays corresponding to the first measurement;apply the inter-frequency bias compensation to the first measurement togenerate a compensated measurement; and determine, at least in part, theposition of the mobile device based, at least in part, on thecompensated measurement.
 59. The non-transitory computer-readable mediumof claim 58, wherein the program code further comprises instructions tosend a message to the mobile device indicating whether the serverincludes a capability to compensate, at the server, measurements for theinter-frequency related delays.
 60. The non-transitory computer-readablemedium of claim 58, wherein the program code further comprisesinstructions to: in response to a determination that the measurementdescription indicates that the first measurement has been compensated,by the mobile device, for the inter-frequency related delayscorresponding to the first frequency, the second frequency, or both thefirst frequency and the second frequency: determine, at least in part,the position of the mobile device based, at least in part, on the firstmeasurement.
 61. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim60, wherein the instructions to determine, at least in part, theposition of the mobile device based, at least in part, on the firstmeasurement, further comprises instructions to: determine a newinter-frequency bias compensation for the inter-frequency related delayscorresponding to the first measurement; negate an inter-frequency biascompensation applied by the mobile device to the first measurement togenerate an uncompensated measurement; and apply the new inter-frequencybias compensation to the uncompensated measurement.
 62. A method for usein a mobile device, the method comprising, at the mobile device:acquiring a first positioning signal transmitted at a first frequencyand a second positioning signal transmitted at a second frequency thatis different than the first frequency; performing a measurement of atime difference of arrival between the first positioning signal and thesecond positioning signal; and sending the measurement and a measurementdescription to a location server, wherein the measurement descriptionindicates that the measurement has not been compensated, at the mobiledevice, for inter-frequency related delays corresponding to the firstfrequency, the second frequency, or both the first frequency and thesecond frequency.
 63. A method for use in a mobile device, the methodcomprising, at the mobile device: acquiring a first positioning signaltransmitted at a first frequency and a second positioning signaltransmitted at a second frequency that is different than the firstfrequency; performing a measurement of a time difference of arrivalbetween the first positioning signal and the second positioning signal;and applying an inter-frequency bias compensation to the measurement togenerate a compensated measurement, the inter-frequency biascompensation to reduce inter-frequency related delays corresponding tothe first frequency, the second frequency, or both the first frequencyand the second frequency; and sending the compensated measurement and ameasurement description to a location server, wherein the measurementdescription indicates that the compensated measurement has beencompensated, at the mobile device, for the inter-frequency relateddelays.
 64. An apparatus for use in a mobile device, the apparatuscomprising: means for acquiring a first positioning signal transmittedat a first frequency and a second positioning signal transmitted at asecond frequency that is different than the first frequency; means forperforming a measurement of a time difference of arrival between thefirst positioning signal and the second positioning signal; and meansfor sending the measurement and a measurement description to a locationserver, wherein the measurement description indicates that themeasurement has not been compensated, at the mobile device, forinter-frequency related delays corresponding to the first frequency, thesecond frequency, or both the first frequency and the second frequency.65. An apparatus for use in a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:means for acquiring a first positioning signal transmitted at a firstfrequency and a second positioning signal transmitted at a secondfrequency that is different than the first frequency; means forperforming a measurement of a time difference of arrival between thefirst positioning signal and the second positioning signal; and meansfor applying an inter-frequency bias compensation to the measurement togenerate a compensated measurement, the inter-frequency biascompensation to reduce inter-frequency related delays corresponding tothe first frequency, the second frequency, or both the first frequencyand the second frequency; and means for sending the compensatedmeasurement and a measurement description to a location server, whereinthe measurement description indicates that the compensated measurementhas been compensated, at the mobile device, for the inter-frequencyrelated delays.
 66. A mobile device comprising: memory adapted to storeprogram code; and a processing unit coupled to the memory to access andexecute instructions included in the program code to direct the mobiledevice to: acquire a first positioning signal transmitted at a firstfrequency and a second positioning signal transmitted at a secondfrequency that is different than the first frequency; perform ameasurement of a time difference of arrival between the firstpositioning signal and the second positioning signal; and send themeasurement and a measurement description to a location server, whereinthe measurement description indicates that the measurement has not beencompensated, at the mobile device, for inter-frequency related delayscorresponding to the first frequency, the second frequency, or both thefirst frequency and the second frequency.
 67. An apparatus for use in amobile device, the apparatus comprising: memory adapted to store programcode; and a processing unit coupled to the memory to access and executeinstructions included in the program code to direct the mobile deviceto: acquire a first positioning signal transmitted at a first frequencyand a second positioning signal transmitted at a second frequency thatis different than the first frequency; perform a measurement of a timedifference of arrival between the first positioning signal and thesecond positioning signal; and apply an inter-frequency biascompensation to the measurement to generate a compensated measurement,the inter-frequency bias compensation to reduce inter-frequency relateddelays corresponding to the first frequency, the second frequency, orboth the first frequency and the second frequency; and send thecompensated measurement and a measurement description to a locationserver, wherein the measurement description indicates that thecompensated measurement has been compensated, at the mobile device, forthe inter-frequency related delays.
 68. A non-transitorycomputer-readable medium including program code stored thereon for usein determining a position of a mobile device in a wireless communicationnetwork, the program code comprising instructions to: acquire a firstpositioning signal transmitted at a first frequency and a secondpositioning signal transmitted at a second frequency that is differentthan the first frequency; perform a measurement of a time difference ofarrival between the first positioning signal and the second positioningsignal; and send the measurement and a measurement description to alocation server, wherein the measurement description indicates that themeasurement has not been compensated, at the mobile device, forinter-frequency related delays corresponding to the first frequency, thesecond frequency, or both the first frequency and the second frequency.69. A non-transitory computer-readable medium including program codestored thereon for use in determining a position of a mobile device in awireless communication network, the program code comprising instructionsto: acquire a first positioning signal transmitted at a first frequencyand a second positioning signal transmitted at a second frequency thatis different than the first frequency; perform a measurement of a timedifference of arrival between the first positioning signal and thesecond positioning signal; apply an inter-frequency bias compensation tothe measurement to generate a compensated measurement, theinter-frequency bias compensation to reduce inter-frequency relateddelays corresponding to the first frequency, the second frequency, orboth the first frequency and the second frequency; and send thecompensated measurement and a measurement description to a locationserver, wherein the measurement description indicates that thecompensated measurement has been compensated, at the mobile device, forthe inter-frequency related delays.